R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i4.309 |
Resumo: | Mass atrocity prevention has been controversial, both when members of the international community have taken action as well as when they have failed to do so. In 1999, then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan challenged the international community to reconcile the need to respect state sovereignty with the need to protect populations from egregious human rights violations. R2P’s emergence offered an opportunity to move past the discourse and practice associated with its predecessor—“humanitarian intervention.” However, while R2P has succeeded in changing the discourse, it has failed to make a change in practice. A source of this failure is R2P’s “ulterior motive exemption.” Using the R2P intervention in Libya as a case study, this article concludes that because ulterior motives existed: (1) NATO’s primary intent of civilian protection quickly evolved into the intent to overthrow Muammar Qaddafi; (2) in exceeding its mandate, NATO committed an act of aggression; (3) NATO continued to militarily support the rebels while they were committing war crimes and severe human rights violations; (4) NATO’s actions resulted in civilian casualties, which NATO has refused to investigate; and (5) NATO abdicated its responsibility to protect Libyans from the human suffering that continued subsequent to Qaddafi’s execution. |
id |
RCAP_c0e4eaebb3c7ddeff52e0bbae7c1dbc2 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/309 |
network_acronym_str |
RCAP |
network_name_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository_id_str |
7160 |
spelling |
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libyahumanitarian intervention; Libya; NATO; R2PMass atrocity prevention has been controversial, both when members of the international community have taken action as well as when they have failed to do so. In 1999, then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan challenged the international community to reconcile the need to respect state sovereignty with the need to protect populations from egregious human rights violations. R2P’s emergence offered an opportunity to move past the discourse and practice associated with its predecessor—“humanitarian intervention.” However, while R2P has succeeded in changing the discourse, it has failed to make a change in practice. A source of this failure is R2P’s “ulterior motive exemption.” Using the R2P intervention in Libya as a case study, this article concludes that because ulterior motives existed: (1) NATO’s primary intent of civilian protection quickly evolved into the intent to overthrow Muammar Qaddafi; (2) in exceeding its mandate, NATO committed an act of aggression; (3) NATO continued to militarily support the rebels while they were committing war crimes and severe human rights violations; (4) NATO’s actions resulted in civilian casualties, which NATO has refused to investigate; and (5) NATO abdicated its responsibility to protect Libyans from the human suffering that continued subsequent to Qaddafi’s execution.Cogitatio2015-11-26info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i4.309oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/309Politics and Governance; Vol 3, No 4 (2015): Mass Atrocity Prevention (Part II); 56-672183-2463reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/309https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i4.309https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/309/309Copyright (c) 2015 Jeffrey Bachmanhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBachman, Jeffrey2022-12-22T15:15:50Zoai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/309Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:22:13.989876Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya |
title |
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya |
spellingShingle |
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya Bachman, Jeffrey humanitarian intervention; Libya; NATO; R2P |
title_short |
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya |
title_full |
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya |
title_fullStr |
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya |
title_full_unstemmed |
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya |
title_sort |
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya |
author |
Bachman, Jeffrey |
author_facet |
Bachman, Jeffrey |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Bachman, Jeffrey |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
humanitarian intervention; Libya; NATO; R2P |
topic |
humanitarian intervention; Libya; NATO; R2P |
description |
Mass atrocity prevention has been controversial, both when members of the international community have taken action as well as when they have failed to do so. In 1999, then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan challenged the international community to reconcile the need to respect state sovereignty with the need to protect populations from egregious human rights violations. R2P’s emergence offered an opportunity to move past the discourse and practice associated with its predecessor—“humanitarian intervention.” However, while R2P has succeeded in changing the discourse, it has failed to make a change in practice. A source of this failure is R2P’s “ulterior motive exemption.” Using the R2P intervention in Libya as a case study, this article concludes that because ulterior motives existed: (1) NATO’s primary intent of civilian protection quickly evolved into the intent to overthrow Muammar Qaddafi; (2) in exceeding its mandate, NATO committed an act of aggression; (3) NATO continued to militarily support the rebels while they were committing war crimes and severe human rights violations; (4) NATO’s actions resulted in civilian casualties, which NATO has refused to investigate; and (5) NATO abdicated its responsibility to protect Libyans from the human suffering that continued subsequent to Qaddafi’s execution. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-11-26 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i4.309 oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/309 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i4.309 |
identifier_str_mv |
oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/309 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/309 https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i4.309 https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/309/309 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2015 Jeffrey Bachman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2015 Jeffrey Bachman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Politics and Governance; Vol 3, No 4 (2015): Mass Atrocity Prevention (Part II); 56-67 2183-2463 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799130668118048768 |