Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soils
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2013 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12635 |
Resumo: | The growing interest in large-scale biochar application to soils, either for improving crop yield, as a tool for carbon sequestration or for replacing inorganic fertilizers, highlights the urgency for an effective evaluation of potential negative effects on soil biota, and the soil processes and functions that they mediate. While the field of biochar ecotoxicology is becoming more important, studies that focus on biochar effects on selected terrestrial species remain scattered and lacking environmental, ecological and practical relevance. This study focused on adapting and optimising a range of ecotoxicological and ecological tools (that have been established or standardized for contaminated soils), in order to test their suitability for evaluating the toxic potential of biochar-amended soils. Firstly, it was tested the suitability of invertebrate avoidance behaviour assays (using earthworms, collembolans and isopods) to assess the potential toxicity of soils enriched with wood-biochar, alone and in combination with traditional compost, over a 5 month period, in a real field trial at the Estação Vitivinícola da Bairrada. Nevertheless, there is increasing need for more representative conditions in testing, that account for longer study durations and greater environmental (e.g. soil moisture, temperature) and ecological variation (e.g. interactions among co-existing test organisms and their vertical distribution in soil). The second part of this work therefore, focused on optimizing a methodology using Small-scale Terrestrial Ecosystem Models (STEMs) containing earthworms and plants, for higher-tier studying of the potential ecological impact of manure-biochar on terrestrial ecosystems, at reported application rates. Results suggest that avoidance behaviour responses using representative invertebrates can be used for evaluating the impact of wood-biochar on soil biota, in a real case application, over 5 months. This can have implications for complementing other strategies for characterizing or managing biochar field applications, such as help with the choice of biochar type and safe application rates. Further, the use of STEMs containing earthworms and turnip seeds exposed to manure biochar under more representative conditions, has shown to be more conservative when compared to the standardised single species test and therefore, may be adequate as higher-tier evaluation of the toxic potential of soils with manure biochar. Studies like the present can be an important contribution for establishing suitable biochar risk assessment methodologies and support both, on-going development of biochar standardization schemes and development of adequate biochar regulations. |
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Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soilsEcotoxicologiaPoluição do soloEcotoxicologia - SolosThe growing interest in large-scale biochar application to soils, either for improving crop yield, as a tool for carbon sequestration or for replacing inorganic fertilizers, highlights the urgency for an effective evaluation of potential negative effects on soil biota, and the soil processes and functions that they mediate. While the field of biochar ecotoxicology is becoming more important, studies that focus on biochar effects on selected terrestrial species remain scattered and lacking environmental, ecological and practical relevance. This study focused on adapting and optimising a range of ecotoxicological and ecological tools (that have been established or standardized for contaminated soils), in order to test their suitability for evaluating the toxic potential of biochar-amended soils. Firstly, it was tested the suitability of invertebrate avoidance behaviour assays (using earthworms, collembolans and isopods) to assess the potential toxicity of soils enriched with wood-biochar, alone and in combination with traditional compost, over a 5 month period, in a real field trial at the Estação Vitivinícola da Bairrada. Nevertheless, there is increasing need for more representative conditions in testing, that account for longer study durations and greater environmental (e.g. soil moisture, temperature) and ecological variation (e.g. interactions among co-existing test organisms and their vertical distribution in soil). The second part of this work therefore, focused on optimizing a methodology using Small-scale Terrestrial Ecosystem Models (STEMs) containing earthworms and plants, for higher-tier studying of the potential ecological impact of manure-biochar on terrestrial ecosystems, at reported application rates. Results suggest that avoidance behaviour responses using representative invertebrates can be used for evaluating the impact of wood-biochar on soil biota, in a real case application, over 5 months. This can have implications for complementing other strategies for characterizing or managing biochar field applications, such as help with the choice of biochar type and safe application rates. Further, the use of STEMs containing earthworms and turnip seeds exposed to manure biochar under more representative conditions, has shown to be more conservative when compared to the standardised single species test and therefore, may be adequate as higher-tier evaluation of the toxic potential of soils with manure biochar. Studies like the present can be an important contribution for establishing suitable biochar risk assessment methodologies and support both, on-going development of biochar standardization schemes and development of adequate biochar regulations.O crescente interesse da aplicação de biochar em grande escala em solos, seja para melhorar o rendimento das culturas, como uma ferramenta para o sequestro de carbono ou para a substituição de fertilizantes inorgânicos, realça a urgência de uma avaliação eficaz dos potenciais efeitos negativos sobre a biota do solo, assim como nos processos e funções do solo que medeiam. Enquanto a ecotoxicologia do biochar está a tornar-se progressivamente mais importante, os estudos que se concentram nos efeitos do biochar em espécies terrestres representativas são poucos e ainda sem relevância prática a nível ambiental e ecológico. Este estudo centrou-se na adaptação e otimização de uma série de ferramentas ecotoxicológicos e ecológicos (que foram criados ou padronizado para solos contaminados), a fim de testar a sua adequabilidade na avaliação do potencial tóxico de solo alterados com biochar. Em primeiro lugar, foi testada a adequabilidade de testes de evitamento em invertebrados (utilizando minhocas, colêmbolos e isópodes) na avaliação do potencial toxico de solos enriquecidos com biochar de origem vegetal, quer isoladamente quer em combinação com adubo tradicional, ao longo de um período de cinco meses, num teste de campo realizado na Estação Vitivinícola da Bairrada. No entanto, existe uma crescente necessidade de mais condições de representatividade em testes, que tenham em conta períodos de tempo mais longos e maior variabilidade ambiental (por exemplo, a umidade do solo, temperatura) e ecológica (ex: interacções entre organismos teste coexistentes e sua distribuição vertical no solo). Desta forma, a segunda parte deste trabalho foca-se na optimização de uma metodologia, utilizando um modelo de ecossistema terrestre de pequena escala contendo minhocas e plantas, para se obter um estudo superior e mais representativo dos impactos potenciais de biochar produzido através de estrume em ecossistemas terrestres a taxas de aplicação propostas. Os resultados sugerem que as respostas de comportamento de evitamento usando organismos invertebrados representativos podem ser usadas para avaliar o impacto do biochar de origem vegetal na biota do solo, num cenário real, ao longo de 5 meses. Isto pode ter implicações para complementar outras estratégias que tenham em vista a caracterização ou gestão das concentrações de referência de biochar a aplicar em solos, assim como na ajuda a escolher o tipo de biochar e taxas de aplicação de segurança. Além disso, a utilização de STEMs contendo minhocas e sementes de nabo expostos ao biochar produzido através de estrume sob condições mais representativas mostrou ser mais conservador quando comparada com os testes normalizados de apenas um teste e, portanto, pode ser adequado numa avaliação de nível superior do potencial tóxico de solos com biochar feito a partir de estrume. Estudos como o presente poderão ser uma contribuição importante para o estabelecimento de metodologias adequadas de avaliação de risco de biochar e assim apoiar tanto no desenvolvimento contínuo dos sistemas de normalização de biochar e também no desenvolvimento de regulamentos biochar adequados.Universidade de Aveiro2014-09-05T18:31:41Z2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10773/12635TID:201566982engAmaro, António Manuel de Andrade Lapainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-22T11:23:04Zoai:ria.ua.pt:10773/12635Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:48:46.199521Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soils |
title |
Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soils |
spellingShingle |
Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soils Amaro, António Manuel de Andrade Lapa Ecotoxicologia Poluição do solo Ecotoxicologia - Solos |
title_short |
Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soils |
title_full |
Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soils |
title_fullStr |
Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soils |
title_full_unstemmed |
Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soils |
title_sort |
Optimised tools for toxicity assessment of biochar-amended soils |
author |
Amaro, António Manuel de Andrade Lapa |
author_facet |
Amaro, António Manuel de Andrade Lapa |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Amaro, António Manuel de Andrade Lapa |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ecotoxicologia Poluição do solo Ecotoxicologia - Solos |
topic |
Ecotoxicologia Poluição do solo Ecotoxicologia - Solos |
description |
The growing interest in large-scale biochar application to soils, either for improving crop yield, as a tool for carbon sequestration or for replacing inorganic fertilizers, highlights the urgency for an effective evaluation of potential negative effects on soil biota, and the soil processes and functions that they mediate. While the field of biochar ecotoxicology is becoming more important, studies that focus on biochar effects on selected terrestrial species remain scattered and lacking environmental, ecological and practical relevance. This study focused on adapting and optimising a range of ecotoxicological and ecological tools (that have been established or standardized for contaminated soils), in order to test their suitability for evaluating the toxic potential of biochar-amended soils. Firstly, it was tested the suitability of invertebrate avoidance behaviour assays (using earthworms, collembolans and isopods) to assess the potential toxicity of soils enriched with wood-biochar, alone and in combination with traditional compost, over a 5 month period, in a real field trial at the Estação Vitivinícola da Bairrada. Nevertheless, there is increasing need for more representative conditions in testing, that account for longer study durations and greater environmental (e.g. soil moisture, temperature) and ecological variation (e.g. interactions among co-existing test organisms and their vertical distribution in soil). The second part of this work therefore, focused on optimizing a methodology using Small-scale Terrestrial Ecosystem Models (STEMs) containing earthworms and plants, for higher-tier studying of the potential ecological impact of manure-biochar on terrestrial ecosystems, at reported application rates. Results suggest that avoidance behaviour responses using representative invertebrates can be used for evaluating the impact of wood-biochar on soil biota, in a real case application, over 5 months. This can have implications for complementing other strategies for characterizing or managing biochar field applications, such as help with the choice of biochar type and safe application rates. Further, the use of STEMs containing earthworms and turnip seeds exposed to manure biochar under more representative conditions, has shown to be more conservative when compared to the standardised single species test and therefore, may be adequate as higher-tier evaluation of the toxic potential of soils with manure biochar. Studies like the present can be an important contribution for establishing suitable biochar risk assessment methodologies and support both, on-going development of biochar standardization schemes and development of adequate biochar regulations. |
publishDate |
2013 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2013-01-01T00:00:00Z 2013 2014-09-05T18:31:41Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12635 TID:201566982 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12635 |
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eng |
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Universidade de Aveiro |
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Universidade de Aveiro |
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