A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

• Autor(a) principal: Legate, Nicole
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: Nguyen, Thuy-vy, Weinstein, Netta, Moller, Arlen, Legault, Lisa, Vally, Zahir, Tajchman, Zuzanna, Zsido, Andras N., Zrimsek, Miha, Chen, Zhang, Ziano, Ignazio, FatahModares, Saeideh, Walczak, Radoslaw B., Betlehem, Ruben, Vilar, Roosevelt, Cárcamo, Rodrigo A., Ross, Robert M., McCarthy, Randy, Ballantyne, Tonia, Westgate, Erin C., Ryan, Richard M., Gialitaki, Zoi, Gargurevich, Rafael, Afhami, Reza, Ren, Dongning, Monteiro, Renan P., Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Reggev, Niv, Calin-Jageman, Robert J., Pourafshari, Razieh, Oliveira, Raquel, Nedelcheva-Datsova, Mina, Ceary, Chris D., Rahal, Rima-Maria, Ribeiro, Rafael R., Radtke, Theda, Searston, Rachel, Jai-ai, Rachadaporn, Habte, Redeate, Zdybek, Przemysław, Chen, Sau-Chin, Wajanatinapart, Piyaorn, Maturan, Princess Lovella G., Jang, Yuna, Perillo, Jennifer T., Isager, Peder Mortvedt, Kačmár, Pavol, Macapagal, Paulo Manuel, Maniaci, Michael R., Szwed, Paulina, Hanel, Paul H. P., Forbes, Paul A. G., Arriaga, Patricia, Paris, Bastien, Lin, Yijun, Parashar, Neha, Papachristopoulos, Konstantinos, Correa, Pablo Sebastián, Kácha, Ondřej, Bernardo, Márcia, Campos, Olatz, Bravo, Olalla Niño, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar J., Ogbonnaya, Chisom Esther, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Kiselnikova, Natalia, Simonovic, Nicolle, Cohen, Noga, Nock, Nora L., Hernandez, Alejandrina, Thogersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie, Ntoumanis, Nikos, Johannes, Niklas, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Say, Nicolas, Yamada, Yuki, Neubauer, Andreas B., Martin, Neil I., Torunsky, Nathan, Antwerpen, Natasha van, Doren, Natalia Van, Sunami, Naoyuki, Rachev, Nikolay R., Majeed, Nadyanna M., Schmidt, Nadya-Daniela, Nadif, Khaoula, Xiao, Qinyu, Corral-Frías, Nadia S., Ouherrou, Nihal, Abbas, Nida, Pantazi, Myrto, Lucas, Marc Y., Vasilev, Martin R., Victoria Ortiz, María, Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa, Kurfalı, Murathan, Kabir, Muhib, Jiang, Xiaoming, Muda, Rafał, Rivera, María del Carmen MC Tejada, Sirota, Miroslav, Seehuus, Martin, Parzuchowski, Michal, Toro, Mónica, Hricova, Monika, Maldonado, Mónica Alarcón, Rentzelas, Panagiotis, Vansteenkiste, Maarten, Du, Xinkai, Metz, Molly A., Marszalek, Magdalena, Karekla, Maria, Mioni, Giovanna, Bosma, Minke Jasmijn, Westerlund, Minja, Vdovic, Milica, Bialek, Michal, Silan, Miguel A., Anne, Michele, Yao, Elvin, Misiak, Michal, Gugliandolo, Maria C., Grinberg, Maurice, Capizzi, Mariagrazia, Espinoza Barría, Mauricio F., Kurfali, Merve A., Mensink, Michael C., Harutyunyan, Mikayel, Khosla, Meetu, Dunn, Megan R., Ryan, William S., Korbmacher, Max, Adamkovič, Matúš, Ribeiro, Matheus Fernando Felix, Terskova, Maria, Hruška, Matej, Martončik, Marcel, Voracek, Martin, Čadek, Martin, Frias-Armenta, Martha, Kowal, Marta, Wilson, John Paul, Topor, Marta, Roczniewska, Marta, Oosterlinck, Marlies, Kohlová, Markéta Braun, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Sabristov, Marina, Romanova, Marina, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Lund, Maria Louise, Antoniadi, Maria, Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, Magrin, Maria Elena, Jones, Marc V., Li, Manyu, Ortiz, Manuel S., Manavalan, Mathi, Muminov, Abdumalik, Kossowska, Małgorzata, Friedemann, Maja, Wielgus, Magdalena, van Hooff, Madelon L.M., Jimenez-Leal, William, Varella, Marco A. C., Standage, Martyn, Nicolotti, Matilde, Colloff, Melissa F., Bradford, Maria, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Eudave, Luis, Vieira, Luc, Lu, Jackson G., Pineda, Lina Maria Sanabria, Law, Wilbert, Matos, Lennia, Pérez, Laura Calderón, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Jaremka, Lisa M., Smit, Eline Suzanne, Kushnir, Elizaveta, Ferguson, Lisa J., Anton-Boicuk, Lisa, Lins de Holanda Coelho, Gabriel, Ahlgren, Lina, Unanue, Wenceslao, Liga, Francesca, Levitan, Carmel A., Micheli, Leticia, Gunton, Lesley-Ann, Volz, Leonhard, Stojanovska, Marija, Boucher, Leanne, Samojlenko, Lara, Delgado, Lady Grey Javela, Kaliska, Lada, Collins, W. Matthew, Beatrix, Labadi, Warmelink, Lara, Rojas-Berscia, Luis Miguel, Yu, Karen, Wylie, Keith, Wachowicz, Jakub, Desai, Kermeka, Barzykowski, Krystian, Kozma, Luca, Evans, Kortnee, Richard, Karley L., Kirgizova, Komila, Emmanuel Agesin, Bamikole B., Koehn, Monica A., Wolfe, Kelly, Korobova, Tatiana, Morris, Katherine, Klevjer, Kristoffer, van Schie, Kevin, Vezirian, Kevin, Damnjanović, Kaja, Vranka, Marek, Thommesen, Katrine Krabbe, Schmidt, Kathleen, Filip, Katarzyna, Staniaszek, Karolina, Grzech, Karolina, Hoyer, Karlijn, Moon, Karis, Khaobunmasiri, Sirikon, Rana, Kafeel, Janjić, Kristina, Ankushev, Vladislav, Suchow, Jordan W., Kielińska, Julita, Cruz Vásquez, Julio E., Chanal, Julien, Beitner, Julia, Vargas-Nieto, Juan Camilo, Roxas, Jose Carlos T., Taber, Jennifer, Urriago-Rayo, Joan, Pavlacic, Jeffrey M., Schei, Vidar, Benka, Jozef, Bavolar, Jozef, Soto, José A., Olofsson, Jonas K., Vilsmeier, Johannes K., Messerschmidt, Johanna, Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna, Waterschoot, Joachim, Moss, Jennifer D., Boudesseul, Jordane, Lerche, Veronika, Lee, Jeong Min, Kamburidis, Julia, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Zickfeld, Janis, Miranda, Jacob F., Verharen, Jeroen P. H., Hristova, Evgeniya, Beshears, Julie E., Djordjevic, Jasna Milosevic, Bosch, Jasmijn, Kovic, Vanja, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Antfolk, Jan, Berkessel, Jana B., Schrötter, Jana, Urban, Jan, Röer, Jan Philipp, Norton, James O., Silva, Jaime R., Pickering, Jade S., Vintr, Jáchym, Križanić, Valerija, Uttley, Jim, Kunst, Jonas R., Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G., Iyer, Aishwarya, Vilares, Iris, Ivanov, Aleksandr, Ropovik, Ivan, Sula, Isabela, Sarieva, Irena, Metin-Orta, Irem, Kadreva, Veselina Hristova, Prusova, Irina, Pinto, Isabel, Bozdoc, Andreea Ioana, Almeida, Inês A. T., Pit, Ilse L., Dalgar, Ilker, Zakharov, Ilya, Arinze, Azuka Ikechukwu, Ihaya, Keiko, Stephen, Ian D., Adoric, Vera Cubela, Gjoneska, Biljana, Brohmer, Hilmar, Flowe, Heather, Godbersen, Hendrik, Kocalar, Halil Emre, Hedgebeth, Mattie V., Chuan-Peng, Hu, Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Manley, Harry, Akkas, Handan, Tran, Ulrich S., Hajdu, Nandor, Azab, Habiba, Kaminski, Gwenael, Nilsonne, Gustav, Anjum, Gulnaz, Travaglino, Giovanni A., Feldman, Gilad, Pfuhl, Gerit, Czarnek, Gabriela, Marcu, Gabriela Mariana, Yeung, Siu Kit, Hofer, Gabriela, Banik, Gabriel, Adetula, Gabriel Agboola, Bijlstra, Gijsbert, Verbruggen, Frederick, Kung, Franki Y. H., Martela, Frank, Foroni, Francesco, Forest, Jacques, Singer, Gage, Hassan, Widad, Muchembled, Fany, Azevedo, Flavio, Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz, Marinova, Evelina, Štrukelj, Eva, Etebari, Zahra, Bradshaw, Emma L., Baskin, Ernest, Garcia, Elkin Oswaldo Luis, Musser, Erica, Houston, Ralph, van Steenkiste, I.M.M., Ahn, El Rim, Quested, Eleanor, Pronizius, Ekaterina, Jackson, Emily A., Manunta, Efisio, Agadullina, Elena, Šakan, Dušana, Dursun, Pinar, Dujols, Olivier, Machin, Michael A., Dubrov, Dmitrii, Willis, Megan, Tümer, Murat, Beaudry, Jennifer L., Popović, Dora, Dunleavy, Daniel, Djamai, Ikhlas, Krupić, Dino, Herrera, Dora, Vega, Diego, Lima, Tiago J. S., Du, Hongfei, Mola, Débora, Chakarova, Desislava, Davis, William E., Holford, Dawn Liu, Lewis, David M. G., Vaidis, David C., Ozery, Daphna Hausman, Ricaurte, Danilo Zambrano, Storage, Daniel, Ostermann, Thomas, Sousa, Daniela, Alvarez, Daniela Serrato, Boller, Daniel, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Dimova, Daliborka, Krupić, Dajana, Marko, Dafne, Moreau, David, Reeck, Crystal, Correia, Rita C., Frizzo, Thomas, Whitt, Cassie M., Lamm, Claus, Solorzano, Claudio Singh, von Bastian, Claudia C., Sutherland, Clare AM, Overkott, Clara, Aberson, Christopher L., Wang, Chunhui, Niemiec, Christopher P., Karashiali, Christiana, Sverdrup, Therese E., Noone, Chris, Chiu, Faith, Picciocchi, Chiara, Brownlow, Charlotte, Karaarslan, Cemre, Cellini, Nicola, Esteban-Serna, Celia, Reyna, Cecilia, Ferreyra, Cecilia, Batres, Carlota, House, Thea, Li, Ranran, Grano, Caterina, Carpentier, Joelle, Tamnes, Christian K., Fu, Cynthia H.Y., Ishkhanyan, Byurakn, Bylinina, Lisa, Jaeger, Bastian, Bundt, Carsten, Allred, Tara Bulut, Gill, Tripat, Vermote, Branko J., Bokkour, Ahmed, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Shi, Jiaxin, Chopik, William J., Antazo, Benedict, Behzadnia, Behzad, Becker, Maja, Bayyat, Manal M., Cocco, Beatrice, Fedotov, Maksim, Chou, Wei-Lun, Barkoukis, Vassilis, Hubena, Barbora, Žuro, Barbara, Aczel, Balazs, Baklanova, Ekaterina, Bai, Hui, Balci, Busra Bahar, Babinčák, Peter, Soenens, Bart, Paltrow, Tamar, Dixson, Barnaby James Wyld, Mokady, Aviv, Kappes, Heather Barry, Atari, Mohammad, Szala, Anna, Szabelska, Anna, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Domurat, Artur, Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom, Modena, Arianna, Jernsäther, Teodor, Adiguzel, Arca, Monajem, Arash, ARABI, Kanza AIT EL, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Rothbaum, Alex O., Torres, Adriana Olaya, Theodoropoulou, Andriana, Skowronek, Anna, Jurković, Anita Penić, Singh, Anisha, Rahman, Tasnim, Kassianos, Angelos P., Findor, Andrej, Hartanto, Andree, Landry, Anais Thibault, Ferreira, Ana, Santos, Anabela Caetano, De la Rosa-Gomez, Anabel, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, Luxon, Alexandria M., Todsen, Anna Louise, Machin, Tanya, Karababa, Alper, Janak, Allison, Pilato, Alice, Bran, Alexandre, Tullett, Alexa M., Kuzminska, Anna O., Krafnick, Anthony J., Urooj, Anum, Khaoudi, Ahmed, Ahmed, Afroja, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Askelund, Adrian Dahl, Adetula, Adeyemi, Belaus, Anabel, Charyate, Abdelilah Ca, Wichman, Aaron L., Stoyanova, Alina, Greenburgh, Anna, Thomas, Andrew G., Arvanitis, Alexios, Hostler, Thomas J., Forscher, Patrick S., Mallik, Peter R., Coles, Nicholas A., Miller, Jeremy K., Moshontz, Hannah, Urry, Heather L., IJzerman, Hans, Basnight-Brown, Dana M., Ebersole, Charles R., Chartier, Christopher R., Ishii, Tatsunori, Buchanan, Erin M., Primbs, Maximilian A., Szaszi, Barnabas, Adamus, Sylwia, Suter, Lilian, von Bormann, Suparpit M., Habib, Sumaiya, Studzinska, Anna, Stojanovska, Dragana, Janssen, Steve M. J., Stieger, Stefan, Schulenberg, Stefan E., Tatachari, Srinivasan, Azouaghe, Soufian, Sorokowski, Piotr, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Song, Xin, Morbée, Sofie, Lewis, Savannah, Sinkolova, Sladjana, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Drexler, Shira Meir, Daches, Shimrit, Levine, Shelby L., Geniole, Shawn N., Akter, Shahunur, Vračar, Selena, Massoni, Sébastien, Costa, Sebastiano, Zorjan, Saša, Sarioguz, Eylul, Izquierdo, Sara Morales, Tshonda, Sarah Suzette, Alves, Sara G., Pöntinen, Sara, Solas, Sara Álvarez, Ordoñez-Riaño, Santiago, Očovaj, Sanja Batić, Onie, Sandersan, Lins, Samuel, Biberauer, Theresa, Çoksan, Sami, Khumkom, Sakda, Sacakli, Asli, Ruiz-Fernández, Susana, Geiger, Sandra J.
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111091119
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104368; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2111091119
• topic: COVID-19; behavior change; health communication; motivation; self-determination theory; Humans; Intention; COVID-19; Motivation; Pandemics; Physical Distancing

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.