Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22314 |
Resumo: | Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have witnessed an ever-expanding use in our lives through many optoelectronic applications, namely photovoltaic (PV) devices. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is the most used and studied TCO, but it lacks thermal and chemical stability and indium is a scarce and toxic element. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) emerged as the most promising alternative to ITO, presenting better thermal and chemical stability. Among the numerous techniques for depositing FTO thin films over glass substrates, spray pyrolysis is the simplest and most economical, with great potential for upscaling. However, the relative importance of the experimental variables that influence the optoelectronic properties remains barely addressed. Following this premise, the present work aimed at optimizing the deposition of FTO films on soda lime glass (SLG) substrates by spray pyrolysis following a Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology. The optoelectronic properties of FTO-SLG substrates was evaluated based on their optical transmittance and sheet resistance, both combined in a figure of merit (FoM) tailored for PV applications. It was concluded that the volume of sprayed solution and the fluorine/tin ratio in the precursor have the greatest influence in the FoM, being the optimal deposition conditions a sprayed volume of 60.8 ml and a [F]/[Sn] ratio of 0.45. FTO-SLG substrates prepared with these conditions achieved a FoM of 0.680 Ω□−1/10, corresponding to a sheet resistance of 3.40 Ω□ and a transmittance equivalent to 77% of the maximum current generated in the considered spectrum. The improved FoM was validated in dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells (DSSCs and PSCs, respectively), assembled with in-house optimized and commercial substrates. The efficiency of DSSCs was improved by 8.9% (relative), whereas PSCs achieved a light-to-power efficiency of 17% (absolute), corresponding to an improvement of 4.7% (relative). |
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Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applicationsFluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)Spray pyrolysisDesign of experiments (DoE)Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC)Perovskite solar cells (PSC)Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have witnessed an ever-expanding use in our lives through many optoelectronic applications, namely photovoltaic (PV) devices. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is the most used and studied TCO, but it lacks thermal and chemical stability and indium is a scarce and toxic element. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) emerged as the most promising alternative to ITO, presenting better thermal and chemical stability. Among the numerous techniques for depositing FTO thin films over glass substrates, spray pyrolysis is the simplest and most economical, with great potential for upscaling. However, the relative importance of the experimental variables that influence the optoelectronic properties remains barely addressed. Following this premise, the present work aimed at optimizing the deposition of FTO films on soda lime glass (SLG) substrates by spray pyrolysis following a Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology. The optoelectronic properties of FTO-SLG substrates was evaluated based on their optical transmittance and sheet resistance, both combined in a figure of merit (FoM) tailored for PV applications. It was concluded that the volume of sprayed solution and the fluorine/tin ratio in the precursor have the greatest influence in the FoM, being the optimal deposition conditions a sprayed volume of 60.8 ml and a [F]/[Sn] ratio of 0.45. FTO-SLG substrates prepared with these conditions achieved a FoM of 0.680 Ω□−1/10, corresponding to a sheet resistance of 3.40 Ω□ and a transmittance equivalent to 77% of the maximum current generated in the considered spectrum. The improved FoM was validated in dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells (DSSCs and PSCs, respectively), assembled with in-house optimized and commercial substrates. The efficiency of DSSCs was improved by 8.9% (relative), whereas PSCs achieved a light-to-power efficiency of 17% (absolute), corresponding to an improvement of 4.7% (relative).The authors acknowledge the financial support of the project Baterias 2030, with the reference POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046109, co-funded by Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (COMPETE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). J. Capitão acknowledges LEPABE for his PhD grant reference UI/BD/150993/ 2021. X. L. Pinheiro, M. Monteiro, A. J. N. Oliveira and E. Loureiro acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for her PhD grant (References 2022.14053.BD, 2020.04564.BD, 2021.04588.BD and UI/BD/150991/2021, respectively). The research activities leading to these results have also received funding from: i) project 2SMART - engineered Smart materials for Smart citizens, with reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); ii) project SafeChrome, with reference POCI-01- 0247-FEDER-047092 co financed via FEDER, under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement; iii) project HopeH2, with reference POCI-01-0145- FEDER-030760, funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizaç˜ao (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES; and iv) LA/P/ 0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/00511/2020 and UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE), funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).ElsevierRepositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do PortoPinheiro, X.L.Vilanova, A.Mesquita, D.Monteiro, M.Eriksson, J.A.M.Barbosa, J.R.S.Matos, C.Oliveira, A.J.N.Oliveira, K.Capitão, J.Loureiro, E.Fernandes, Paulo A.Mendes, A.Salomé, P.M.P.20222035-12-31T00:00:00Z2022-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22314eng10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.12.175metadata only accessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-03-13T13:18:57Zoai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/22314Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T17:42:22.042155Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications |
title |
Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications |
spellingShingle |
Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications Pinheiro, X.L. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) Spray pyrolysis Design of experiments (DoE) Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) Perovskite solar cells (PSC) |
title_short |
Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications |
title_full |
Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications |
title_fullStr |
Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications |
title_full_unstemmed |
Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications |
title_sort |
Design of experiments optimization of fluorine-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications |
author |
Pinheiro, X.L. |
author_facet |
Pinheiro, X.L. Vilanova, A. Mesquita, D. Monteiro, M. Eriksson, J.A.M. Barbosa, J.R.S. Matos, C. Oliveira, A.J.N. Oliveira, K. Capitão, J. Loureiro, E. Fernandes, Paulo A. Mendes, A. Salomé, P.M.P. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Vilanova, A. Mesquita, D. Monteiro, M. Eriksson, J.A.M. Barbosa, J.R.S. Matos, C. Oliveira, A.J.N. Oliveira, K. Capitão, J. Loureiro, E. Fernandes, Paulo A. Mendes, A. Salomé, P.M.P. |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pinheiro, X.L. Vilanova, A. Mesquita, D. Monteiro, M. Eriksson, J.A.M. Barbosa, J.R.S. Matos, C. Oliveira, A.J.N. Oliveira, K. Capitão, J. Loureiro, E. Fernandes, Paulo A. Mendes, A. Salomé, P.M.P. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) Spray pyrolysis Design of experiments (DoE) Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) Perovskite solar cells (PSC) |
topic |
Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) Spray pyrolysis Design of experiments (DoE) Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) Perovskite solar cells (PSC) |
description |
Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have witnessed an ever-expanding use in our lives through many optoelectronic applications, namely photovoltaic (PV) devices. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is the most used and studied TCO, but it lacks thermal and chemical stability and indium is a scarce and toxic element. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) emerged as the most promising alternative to ITO, presenting better thermal and chemical stability. Among the numerous techniques for depositing FTO thin films over glass substrates, spray pyrolysis is the simplest and most economical, with great potential for upscaling. However, the relative importance of the experimental variables that influence the optoelectronic properties remains barely addressed. Following this premise, the present work aimed at optimizing the deposition of FTO films on soda lime glass (SLG) substrates by spray pyrolysis following a Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology. The optoelectronic properties of FTO-SLG substrates was evaluated based on their optical transmittance and sheet resistance, both combined in a figure of merit (FoM) tailored for PV applications. It was concluded that the volume of sprayed solution and the fluorine/tin ratio in the precursor have the greatest influence in the FoM, being the optimal deposition conditions a sprayed volume of 60.8 ml and a [F]/[Sn] ratio of 0.45. FTO-SLG substrates prepared with these conditions achieved a FoM of 0.680 Ω□−1/10, corresponding to a sheet resistance of 3.40 Ω□ and a transmittance equivalent to 77% of the maximum current generated in the considered spectrum. The improved FoM was validated in dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells (DSSCs and PSCs, respectively), assembled with in-house optimized and commercial substrates. The efficiency of DSSCs was improved by 8.9% (relative), whereas PSCs achieved a light-to-power efficiency of 17% (absolute), corresponding to an improvement of 4.7% (relative). |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z 2035-12-31T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22314 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22314 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.12.175 |
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metadata only access info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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metadata only access |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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Elsevier |
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Elsevier |
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