Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periods
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16837 |
Resumo: | Mancozan® is a dithiocarbamate fungicide used worldwide and its consumption has been increasing year after year. Due to its extensive use, their metabolites can be easily found in aquatic ecosystems around the world, representing thus a potential hazard to non-target organisms. Many studies performed with its active ingredient, mancozeb, have demonstrated its negative impact to fish. However, the toxic effects, and particularly the genotoxic potential of the commercial formulation Mancozan® are still poorly understood. Thus, and in order to improve the knowledge concerning this thematic, the present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of the fungicide Mancozan® to blood cells of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) following a short-term (3 days) exposure to environmental realistic concentrations (2.8 and 28 μg.L-1). With the intuit of investigate the damage progression after the contamination source cessation, a post-exposure period (1, 7 and 14 days) was included, where fish were transferred to fungicide-free water. In order to evaluate the genetic damage, the ENA (erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities) assay was performed. Additionally, the frequency of immature erythrocytes (IE) was scored in order to provide indirect information on the erythrocyte catabolism and erythropoiesis rate. As a complement, the EMI (erythrocyte maturity index) was adopted in order to better discriminate the stage of erythrocytic immaturity. The obtained results demonstrated the potential of the highest concentration of Mancozan® to induce chromosomal damage, following a 3 days exposure, as well as a rapid recover in the post-exposure period. On the other hand, the lowest concentration of the commercial formulation was able to induce chromosomal damage only 14 days after the end of the exposure period, suggesting a progressive degradation and the collapse of eel erythrocytes defences. At the same time it was observed, through the IE assay and the calculation of the EMI, that the balance between the erythropoiesis, erythrocytes elimination and the cellular maturation rate was not affected by the exposure to the fungicide and consequently had no influence in the appearance of ENA. Globally, these results reinforce the idea concerning the pesticide risks to non-target organisms, highlighting the occurrence of a short-term genome-destabilizing in fish, as a result of occasional pesticide applications. |
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Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periodsBiologiaBiologia aquáticaContaminação da águaFungicidas - ToxicidadePeixes - CromossomasToxicologia genéticaMancozan® is a dithiocarbamate fungicide used worldwide and its consumption has been increasing year after year. Due to its extensive use, their metabolites can be easily found in aquatic ecosystems around the world, representing thus a potential hazard to non-target organisms. Many studies performed with its active ingredient, mancozeb, have demonstrated its negative impact to fish. However, the toxic effects, and particularly the genotoxic potential of the commercial formulation Mancozan® are still poorly understood. Thus, and in order to improve the knowledge concerning this thematic, the present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of the fungicide Mancozan® to blood cells of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) following a short-term (3 days) exposure to environmental realistic concentrations (2.8 and 28 μg.L-1). With the intuit of investigate the damage progression after the contamination source cessation, a post-exposure period (1, 7 and 14 days) was included, where fish were transferred to fungicide-free water. In order to evaluate the genetic damage, the ENA (erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities) assay was performed. Additionally, the frequency of immature erythrocytes (IE) was scored in order to provide indirect information on the erythrocyte catabolism and erythropoiesis rate. As a complement, the EMI (erythrocyte maturity index) was adopted in order to better discriminate the stage of erythrocytic immaturity. The obtained results demonstrated the potential of the highest concentration of Mancozan® to induce chromosomal damage, following a 3 days exposure, as well as a rapid recover in the post-exposure period. On the other hand, the lowest concentration of the commercial formulation was able to induce chromosomal damage only 14 days after the end of the exposure period, suggesting a progressive degradation and the collapse of eel erythrocytes defences. At the same time it was observed, through the IE assay and the calculation of the EMI, that the balance between the erythropoiesis, erythrocytes elimination and the cellular maturation rate was not affected by the exposure to the fungicide and consequently had no influence in the appearance of ENA. Globally, these results reinforce the idea concerning the pesticide risks to non-target organisms, highlighting the occurrence of a short-term genome-destabilizing in fish, as a result of occasional pesticide applications.Mancozan® é um fungicida da família dos ditiocarbamatos amplamente utilizado em todo o mundo, tendo o seu consumo vindo a aumentar de ano para ano. Como consequência do seu uso intensivo, é possível encontrar os seus metabolitos nos ecossistemas aquáticos, representando assim um potencial perigo para organismos não-alvo. Vários estudos realizados com o seu princípio ativo, mancozeb, têm reportado um impacto negativo para peixes. Contudo, os potenciais efeitos tóxicos, e particularmente a genotoxicidade da formulação comercial Mancozan®, são ainda pouco conhecidos. Assim, e com o intuito de melhorar este conhecimento, o presente estudo pretendeu avaliar o potencial genotóxico da formulação comercial Mancozan® para células sanguíneas de enguia europeia (Anguilla anguilla), após uma exposição de curta duração (3 dias) a concentrações ambientalmente realistas (2.8 e 28 μg.L-1). No sentido de avaliar a progressão do dano após a cessação da exposição, foi incluído um período de pós-exposição (1, 7 e 14 dias) onde os peixes foram transferidos para água sem pesticida. O dano genético foi avaliado através do teste das ANE (anormalidades nucleares eritrocíticas). Em simultâneo, determinou-se a frequência de eritrócitos imaturos (EI), com o intuito de fornecer informação indirecta acerca do catabolismo dos eritrócitos e taxa de eritropoiese. No sentido de melhor discriminar o estado de maturidade dos eritrócitos, adoptou-se o índice de maturidade eritrocítica (IME). Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram o potencial genotóxico do Mancozan®, em particular para a concentração testada mais elevada, apresentando uma indução de dano cromossomal, após 3 dias de exposição, assim como uma rápida recuperação no período de pós-exposição. Por outro lado, a concentração mais baixa induziu dano cromossomal apenas 14 dias após o fim do período de exposição, já no período de pós-exposição, sugerindo uma degradação progressiva e o colapso das defesas eritrocíticas das enguias. Ao mesmo tempo foi observado, através da frequência de eritrócitos imaturos (EI) em conjunto com o IME, que o balanço entre a eritropoiese, a eliminação de eritrócitos e o ritmo de maturação celular não foram afetados pela exposição ao fungicida, não existindo uma influência no aparecimento de ANE. Deste modo, estes resultados reforçam a constatação dos perigos associados aos pesticidas para organismos não-alvo, dando um especial enfoque à ocorrência de uma destabilização de curto-termo do genoma dos peixes, como um efeito nefasto provocado pelas aplicações sazonais de pesticidasUniversidade de Aveiro2017-02-17T13:37:52Z2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10773/16837TID:201591502engCrespo, Rodrigo Dinisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-22T11:32:16Zoai:ria.ua.pt:10773/16837Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:52:09.199527Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periods |
title |
Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periods |
spellingShingle |
Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periods Crespo, Rodrigo Dinis Biologia Biologia aquática Contaminação da água Fungicidas - Toxicidade Peixes - Cromossomas Toxicologia genética |
title_short |
Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periods |
title_full |
Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periods |
title_fullStr |
Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periods |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periods |
title_sort |
Chromosomal damage in fish (Anguilla anguilla L.) induced by the fungicide Macozan® upon exposure and post-exposure periods |
author |
Crespo, Rodrigo Dinis |
author_facet |
Crespo, Rodrigo Dinis |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Crespo, Rodrigo Dinis |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Biologia Biologia aquática Contaminação da água Fungicidas - Toxicidade Peixes - Cromossomas Toxicologia genética |
topic |
Biologia Biologia aquática Contaminação da água Fungicidas - Toxicidade Peixes - Cromossomas Toxicologia genética |
description |
Mancozan® is a dithiocarbamate fungicide used worldwide and its consumption has been increasing year after year. Due to its extensive use, their metabolites can be easily found in aquatic ecosystems around the world, representing thus a potential hazard to non-target organisms. Many studies performed with its active ingredient, mancozeb, have demonstrated its negative impact to fish. However, the toxic effects, and particularly the genotoxic potential of the commercial formulation Mancozan® are still poorly understood. Thus, and in order to improve the knowledge concerning this thematic, the present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of the fungicide Mancozan® to blood cells of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) following a short-term (3 days) exposure to environmental realistic concentrations (2.8 and 28 μg.L-1). With the intuit of investigate the damage progression after the contamination source cessation, a post-exposure period (1, 7 and 14 days) was included, where fish were transferred to fungicide-free water. In order to evaluate the genetic damage, the ENA (erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities) assay was performed. Additionally, the frequency of immature erythrocytes (IE) was scored in order to provide indirect information on the erythrocyte catabolism and erythropoiesis rate. As a complement, the EMI (erythrocyte maturity index) was adopted in order to better discriminate the stage of erythrocytic immaturity. The obtained results demonstrated the potential of the highest concentration of Mancozan® to induce chromosomal damage, following a 3 days exposure, as well as a rapid recover in the post-exposure period. On the other hand, the lowest concentration of the commercial formulation was able to induce chromosomal damage only 14 days after the end of the exposure period, suggesting a progressive degradation and the collapse of eel erythrocytes defences. At the same time it was observed, through the IE assay and the calculation of the EMI, that the balance between the erythropoiesis, erythrocytes elimination and the cellular maturation rate was not affected by the exposure to the fungicide and consequently had no influence in the appearance of ENA. Globally, these results reinforce the idea concerning the pesticide risks to non-target organisms, highlighting the occurrence of a short-term genome-destabilizing in fish, as a result of occasional pesticide applications. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016-01-01T00:00:00Z 2016 2017-02-17T13:37:52Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16837 TID:201591502 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16837 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Universidade de Aveiro |
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Universidade de Aveiro |
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