Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Esteves, Eduardo
Data de Publicação: 2022
Outros Autores: Mendes, Ana Karina, Barros, Marlene, Figueiredo, Cátia, Andrade, Joana, Capelo, Joana, Novais, António, Rebelo, Carla, Soares, Rita, Nunes, Ana, Ferreira, André, Lemos, Joana, Duarte, Ana Sofia, Silva, Raquel M., Bernardino, Liliana Inácio, Correia, Maria José, Esteves, Ana Cristina, Rosa, Nuno
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36588
Resumo: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced frequent testing of populations. It is necessary to identify the most cost-effective strategies for the detection of COVID-19 outbreaks. Nasopharyngeal samples have been used for SARS-CoV-2 detection but require a healthcare professional to collect the sample and cause discomfort and pain to the individual. Saliva has been suggested as an appropriate fluid for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We have investigated the possibility of using pools of saliva samples to detect SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Two hundred and seventy-nine saliva samples were analyzed through RT-PCR of Envelope, Nucleocapsid and Open Reading Frame 1ab genes. Reproducibility assays showed an almost perfect agreement as well as high sensitivity (96.6%), specificity (96.8%), positive predicted value (96.6%), and negative predicted value (96.8%). The average Cycle Threshold of the genes detected was 29.7. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected when comparing the cycle threshold average of two consecutive reactions on the same positive saliva samples. Saliva samples have a higher median viral load (32.6) than in nasopharyngeal samples (28.9), although no significant differences were detected (p > 0.05). Saliva-pool samples allowed effective SARS-CoV-2 screening, with a higher sensibility (96.9%) on 10-sample pools than in 20-sample pools (87.5%). Regardless of pools size specificity was high (99.9%) and an almost perfect agreement was observed. Our strategy was successfully applied in population wide testing of more than 2000 individuals, showing that it is possible to use pooled saliva as diagnostic fluid for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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spelling Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using salivaSARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced frequent testing of populations. It is necessary to identify the most cost-effective strategies for the detection of COVID-19 outbreaks. Nasopharyngeal samples have been used for SARS-CoV-2 detection but require a healthcare professional to collect the sample and cause discomfort and pain to the individual. Saliva has been suggested as an appropriate fluid for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We have investigated the possibility of using pools of saliva samples to detect SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Two hundred and seventy-nine saliva samples were analyzed through RT-PCR of Envelope, Nucleocapsid and Open Reading Frame 1ab genes. Reproducibility assays showed an almost perfect agreement as well as high sensitivity (96.6%), specificity (96.8%), positive predicted value (96.6%), and negative predicted value (96.8%). The average Cycle Threshold of the genes detected was 29.7. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected when comparing the cycle threshold average of two consecutive reactions on the same positive saliva samples. Saliva samples have a higher median viral load (32.6) than in nasopharyngeal samples (28.9), although no significant differences were detected (p > 0.05). Saliva-pool samples allowed effective SARS-CoV-2 screening, with a higher sensibility (96.9%) on 10-sample pools than in 20-sample pools (87.5%). Regardless of pools size specificity was high (99.9%) and an almost perfect agreement was observed. Our strategy was successfully applied in population wide testing of more than 2000 individuals, showing that it is possible to use pooled saliva as diagnostic fluid for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica PortuguesaEsteves, EduardoMendes, Ana KarinaBarros, MarleneFigueiredo, CátiaAndrade, JoanaCapelo, JoanaNovais, AntónioRebelo, CarlaSoares, RitaNunes, AnaFerreira, AndréLemos, JoanaDuarte, Ana SofiaSilva, Raquel M.Bernardino, Liliana InácioCorreia, Maria JoséEsteves, Ana CristinaRosa, Nuno2022-02-03T15:17:38Z2022-01-282022-01-28T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36588eng1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.026303385123695256PMC879721435089942000769158400035info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-01-23T01:41:38Zoai:repositorio.ucp.pt:10400.14/36588Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T18:29:44.502535Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva
title Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva
spellingShingle Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva
Esteves, Eduardo
title_short Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva
title_full Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva
title_fullStr Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva
title_full_unstemmed Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva
title_sort Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva
author Esteves, Eduardo
author_facet Esteves, Eduardo
Mendes, Ana Karina
Barros, Marlene
Figueiredo, Cátia
Andrade, Joana
Capelo, Joana
Novais, António
Rebelo, Carla
Soares, Rita
Nunes, Ana
Ferreira, André
Lemos, Joana
Duarte, Ana Sofia
Silva, Raquel M.
Bernardino, Liliana Inácio
Correia, Maria José
Esteves, Ana Cristina
Rosa, Nuno
author_role author
author2 Mendes, Ana Karina
Barros, Marlene
Figueiredo, Cátia
Andrade, Joana
Capelo, Joana
Novais, António
Rebelo, Carla
Soares, Rita
Nunes, Ana
Ferreira, André
Lemos, Joana
Duarte, Ana Sofia
Silva, Raquel M.
Bernardino, Liliana Inácio
Correia, Maria José
Esteves, Ana Cristina
Rosa, Nuno
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Esteves, Eduardo
Mendes, Ana Karina
Barros, Marlene
Figueiredo, Cátia
Andrade, Joana
Capelo, Joana
Novais, António
Rebelo, Carla
Soares, Rita
Nunes, Ana
Ferreira, André
Lemos, Joana
Duarte, Ana Sofia
Silva, Raquel M.
Bernardino, Liliana Inácio
Correia, Maria José
Esteves, Ana Cristina
Rosa, Nuno
description SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced frequent testing of populations. It is necessary to identify the most cost-effective strategies for the detection of COVID-19 outbreaks. Nasopharyngeal samples have been used for SARS-CoV-2 detection but require a healthcare professional to collect the sample and cause discomfort and pain to the individual. Saliva has been suggested as an appropriate fluid for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We have investigated the possibility of using pools of saliva samples to detect SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Two hundred and seventy-nine saliva samples were analyzed through RT-PCR of Envelope, Nucleocapsid and Open Reading Frame 1ab genes. Reproducibility assays showed an almost perfect agreement as well as high sensitivity (96.6%), specificity (96.8%), positive predicted value (96.6%), and negative predicted value (96.8%). The average Cycle Threshold of the genes detected was 29.7. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected when comparing the cycle threshold average of two consecutive reactions on the same positive saliva samples. Saliva samples have a higher median viral load (32.6) than in nasopharyngeal samples (28.9), although no significant differences were detected (p > 0.05). Saliva-pool samples allowed effective SARS-CoV-2 screening, with a higher sensibility (96.9%) on 10-sample pools than in 20-sample pools (87.5%). Regardless of pools size specificity was high (99.9%) and an almost perfect agreement was observed. Our strategy was successfully applied in population wide testing of more than 2000 individuals, showing that it is possible to use pooled saliva as diagnostic fluid for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-02-03T15:17:38Z
2022-01-28
2022-01-28T00:00:00Z
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10.1371/journal.pone.0263033
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