In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

• Autor(a) principal: Dorison, Charles A
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: Lerner, Jennifer S, Heller, Blake H, Rothman, Alexander J, Kawachi, Ichiro I, Wang, Ke, Rees, Vaughan W, Gill, Brian P, Gibbs, Nancy, Ebersole, Charles R, Vally, Zahir, Cruz Vásquez, Julio E, Beitner, Julia, Vargas-Nieto, Juan Camilo, Roxas, Jose Carlos T, Taber, Jennifer, Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, Urriago-Rayo, Joan, Pavlacic, Jeffrey M, Bavolar, Jozef, Ribeiro, Rafael R, Adamkovič, Matúš, Soto, José A, Olofsson, Jonas K, Vilsmeier, Johannes K, Messerschmidt, Johanna, Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna, Boudesseul, Jordane, Lee, Jeong Min, Jimenez-Leal, William, Kamburidis, Julia, Zickfeld, Janis, Ribeiro, Matheus Fernando Felix, Radtke, Theda, Miranda, Jacob F, Verharen, Jeroen P H, Hristova, Evgeniya, Beshears, Julie E, Đorđević, Jasna Milošević, Bosch, Jasmijn, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Antfolk, Jan, Law, Wilbert, Terskova, Maria, Berkessel, Jana B, Tajchman, Zuzanna, Schrötter, Jana, Urban, Jan, Röer, Jan Philipp, Norton, James O, Silva, Jaime R, Pickering, Jade S, Vintr, Jáchym, Uttley, Jim, Hruška, Matej, Kunst, Jonas R, Collins, W Matthew, Searston, Rachel, Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L G, Iyer, Aishwarya, Vilares, Iris, Ivanov, Aleksandr, Ropovik, Ivan, Sula, Isabela, Sarieva, Irena, Martončik, Marcel, Metin-Orta, Irem, Prusova, Irina, Pinto, Isabel, Habte, Redeate, Richard, Karley L, Bozdoc, Andreea Ioana, Almeida, Inês A T, Pit, Ilse L, Dalgar, Ilker, Zakharov, Ilya, Voracek, Martin, Arinze, Azuka Ikechukwu, Ihaya, Keiko, Stephen, Ian D, Gjoneska, Biljana, Zdybek, Przemysław, Brohmer, Hilmar, Vranka, Marek, Flowe, Heather, Godbersen, Hendrik, Kocalar, Halil Emre, Čadek, Martin, Hedgebeth, Mattie V, Chuan-Peng, Hu, Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Manley, Harry, Akkas, Handan, Chen, Sau-Chin, Hajdu, Nandor, Azab, Habiba, Ankushev, Vladislav, Kaminski, Gwenael, Frías-Armenta, Martha, Nilsonne, Gustav, Anjum, Gulnaz, Travaglino, Giovanni A, Feldman, Gilad, Pfuhl, Gerit, Czarnek, Gabriela, Maturan, Princess Lovella G, Marcu, Gabriela Mariana, Hofer, Gabriela, Banik, Gabriel, Kowal, Marta, Schei, Vidar, Adetula, Gabriel Agboola, Bijlstra, Gijsbert, Verbruggen, Frederick, Kung, Franki Y H, Foroni, Francesco, Singer, Gage, Perillo, Jennifer T, Muchembled, Fany, Azevedo, Flavio, Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz, Marinov, Evelina, Križanić, Valerija, Štrukelj, Eva, Etebari, Zahra, Baskin, Ernest, Garcia, Elkin Oswaldo Luis, Musser, Erica, Isager, Peder Mortvedt, van Steenkiste, I M M, Monteiro, Renan P, Ahn, El Rim, Pronizius, Ekaterina, Jackson, Emily A, Manunta, Efisio, Kadreva, Veselina Hristova, Agadullina, Elena, Šakan, Dušana, Dursun, Pinar, Dujols, Olivier, Kačmár, Pavol, Topor, Marta, Dubrov, Dmitrii, Willis, Megan, Tümer, Murat, Beaudry, Jennifer L, Popović, Dora, Dunleavy, Daniel, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Djamai, Ikhlas, Krupić, Dino, Vega, Diego, Roczniewska, Marta, Macapagal, Paulo Manuel, Du, Hongfei, Mola, Débora, Davis, William E, Holford, Dawn Liu, Lewis, David M G, Vaidis, David C, Ozery, Daphna Hausman, Tran, Ulrich S, Ricaurte, Danilo Zambrano, Oosterlinck, Marlies, Storage, Daniel, Szwed, Paulina, Sousa, Daniela, Alvarez, Daniela Serrato, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Krupić, Dajana, Marko, Dafne, Moreau, David, Reeck, Crystal, Correia, Rita C, Kohlová, Markéta Braun, Yeung, Siu Kit, Whitt, Cassie M, Zsido, Andras N, Lamm, Claus, Solorzano, Claudio Singh, von Bastian, Claudia C, Sutherland, Clare Am, Overkott, Clara, Aberson, Christopher L, Wang, Chunhui, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Karashiali, Christiana, Noone, Chris, Hassan, Widad, Hanel, Paul H P, Chiu, Faith, Picciocchi, Chiara, Karaarslan, Cemre, Cellini, Nicola, Esteban-Serna, Celia, Reyna, Cecilia, Romanova, Marina, Batres, Carlota, Li, Ranran, Grano, Caterina, Carpentier, Joelle, Forbes, Paul A G, Houston, Ralph, Tamnes, Christian K, Fu, Cynthia H Y, Ishkhanyan, Byurakn, Bylinina, Lisa, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Jaeger, Bastian, Bundt, Carsten, Allred, Tara Bulut, Bokkour, Ahmed, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Arriaga, Patrícia, Chopik, William J, Lima, Tiago J S, Antazo, Benedict, Behzadnia, Behzad, Lund, Maria Louise, Becker, Maja, Cocco, Beatrice, Chou, Wei-Lun, Hubena, Barbora, Žuro, Barbara, Aczel, Balazs, Paris, Bastien, Baklanova, Ekaterina, Bai, Hui, Ostermann, Thomas, Antoniadi, Maria, Balci, Busra Bahar, Babinčák, Peter, Dixson, Barnaby James Wyld, Mokady, Aviv, Kappes, Heather Barry, Atari, Mohammad, Szala, Anna, Papachristopoulos, Konstantinos, Szabelska, Anna, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Jones, Marc V, Domurat, Artur, Frizzo, Thomas, Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom, Modena, Arianna, Adiguzel, Arca, Monajem, Arash, Arabi, Kanza Ait El, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Correa, Pablo Sebastián, Olaya Torres, Adriana Julieth, Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Theodoropoulou, Andriana, Jurković, Anita Penić, Kassianos, Angelos P, Sverdrup, Therese E, Findor, Andrej, Hartanto, Andree, Thibault Landry, Anais, Ferreira, Ana, Santos, Anabela Caetano, Kácha, Ondřej, Yamada, Yuki, De la Rosa-Gomez, Anabel, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, Todsen, Anna Louise, Karababa, Alper, Janak, Allison, House, Thea, Bran, Alexandre, Tullett, Alexa M, Kuzminska, Anna O, Krafnick, Anthony J, Ortiz, Manuel S, Bernardo, Márcia, Urooj, Anum, Khaoudi, Ahmed, Ahmed, Afroja, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Askelund, Adrian Dahl, Adetula, Adeyemi, Gill, Tripat, Belaus, Anabel, Charyate, Abdelilah Ca, Manavalan, Mathi, Wichman, Aaron L, Campos, Olatz, Stoyanova, Alina, Greenburgh, Anna, Thomas, Andrew G, Arvanitis, Alexios, Forscher, Patrick S, Mallik, Peter R, Primbs, Maximilian A, Fedotov, Maksim, Muminov, Abdumalik, Miller, Jeremy K, Moshontz, Hannah, Bravo, Olalla Niño, Urry, Heather L, IJzerman, Hans, Basnight-Brown, Dana M, Chartier, Christopher R, Buchanan, Erin M, Coles, Nicholas A, Paltrow, Tamar, Kossowska, Małgorzata, Jernsäther, Teodor, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria, Hostler, Thomas J, Zrimsek, Mija, Ishii, Tatsunori, Szaszi, Barnabas, Adamus, Sylwia, Suter, Lilian, Habib, Sumaiya, Studzinska, Anna, Friedemann, Maja, Stojanovska, Dragana, Janssen, Steve M J, Stieger, Stefan, Schulenberg, Stefan E, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar J, Tatachari, Srinivasan, Azouaghe, Soufian, Sorokowski, Piotr, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Song, Xin, Wielgus, Magdalena, Lewis, Savannah C, Sinkolova, Sladjana, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Drexler, Shira Meir, Daches, Shimrit, Ogbonnaya, Chisom Esther, Geniole, Shawn N, Vračar, Selena, Massoni, Sébastien, Zorjan, Saša, Varella, Marco A C, Sarıoğuz, Eylül, Izquierdo, Sara Morales, Alves, Sara G, Pöntinen, Sara, Solas, Sara Álvarez, Ordoñez-Riaño, Santiago, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Očovaj, Sanja Batić, Onie, Sandersan, Lins, Samuel, Colloff, Melissa F, Çoksan, Sami, Sacakli, Asli, Ruiz-Fernández, Susana, Geiger, Sandra J, FatahModares, Saeideh, Walczak, Radoslaw B, Betlehem, Ruben, Kiselnikova, Natalia, Vilar, Roosevelt, Cárcamo, Rodrigo, Bradford, Maria, Ross, Robert M, McCarthy, Randy, Ballantyne, Tonia, Westgate, Erin C, Afhami, Reza, Ren, Dongning, Simonovic, Nicolle, Cohen, Noga, Nock, Nora L, Johannes, Niklas, Reggev, Niv, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Say, Nicolas, Chen, Zhang, Torunsky, Nathan, Van Doren, Natalia, Sunami, Naoyuki, Rachev, Nikolay R, Majeed, Nadyanna M, Schmidt, Nadya-Daniela, Nadif, Khaoula, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Corral-Frías, Nadia S, Ouherrou, Nihal, Pantazi, Myrto, Ziano, Ignazio, Lucas, Marc Y, Vasilev, Martin R, Ortiz, María Victoria, Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa, Kabir, Muhib, Muda, Rafał, Xiao, Qinyu, Tejada Rivera, Maria Del Carmen Mc, Sirota, Miroslav, Seehuus, Martin, Parzuchowski, Michal, Gialitaki, Zoi, Toro, Mónica, Hricova, Monika, Maldonado, Mónica Alarcón, Marszalek, Magdalena, Karekla, Maria, Eudave, Luis, Mioni, Giovanna, Bosma, Minke Jasmijn, Westerlund, Minja, Vdovic, Milica, Bialek, Michal, Ceary, Chris D, Silan, Miguel A, Anne, Michele, Misiak, Michal, Grinberg, Maurice, Vieira, Luc, Capizzi, Mariagrazia, Espinoza Barría, Mauricio F, Kurfali, Merve A, Mensink, Michael C, Harutyunyan, Mikayel, Khosla, Meetu, Lin, Yijun, Korbmacher, Max, Pineda, Lina Maria Sanabria, Pérez, Laura Calderón, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B, Jaremka, Lisa M, Kushnir, Elizaveta, Anton-Boicuk, Lisa, Calin-Jageman, Robert J, de Holanda Coelho, Gabriel Lins, Ahlgren, Lina, Jiang, Xiaoming, Levitan, Carmel A, Micheli, Leticia, Volz, Leonhard, Stojanovska, Marija, Boucher, Leanne, Samojlenko, Lara, Delgado, Lady Grey Javela, Pourafshari, Razieh, Kaliska, Lada, Warmelink, Lara, Rojas-Berscia, Luis Miguel, Du, Xinkai, Yu, Karen, Wachowicz, Jakub, Desai, Kermeka, Barzykowski, Krystian, Kozma, Luca, Evans, Kortnee, Oliveira, Raquel, Kirgizova, Komila, Agesin, Bamikole Emmanuel, Koehn, Monica A, Wolfe, Kelly, Yao, Elvin, Korobova, Tatiana, Klevjer, Kristoffer, van Schie, Kevin, Vezirian, Kevin, Damnjanović, Kaja, Nedelcheva-Datsova, Mina, Thommesen, Katrine Krabbe, Schmidt, Kathleen, Filip, Katarzyna, Grzech, Karolina, Hoyer, Karlijn, Wilson, John Paul, Moon, Karis, Rana, Kafeel, Janjić, Kristina, Suchow, Jordan W, Rahal, Rima-Maria, Kielińska, Julita
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104370; https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-022-00128-3
• topic: Anxiety; COVID-19; Message framing; Nudges

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions.