It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/58389 |
Resumo: | The perfect storm model that was elaborated for the HIV-1M pandemic has also been used to explain the emergence of HIV-2, a second human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-AIDS) that became an epidemic in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. The use of this model creates epidemiological generalizations, ecological oversimplifications and historical misunderstandings as its assumptions—an urban center with explosive population growth, a high level of commercial sex and a surge in STDs, a network of mechanical transport and country-wide, en masse mobile campaigns—are absent from the historical record. This model fails to explain how the HIV-2 epidemic actually came about. This is the first study to conduct an exhaustive examination of sociohistorical contextual developments and align them with environmental, virological and epidemiological data. The interdisciplinary dialogue indicates that the emergence of the HIV-2 epidemic piggybacked on local sociopolitical transformations. The war’s indirect effects on ecological relations, mobility and sociability were acute in rural areas and are a key to the HIV-2 epidemic. This setting had the natural host of the virus, the population numbers, the mobility trends and the use of technology on a scale needed to foster viral adaptation and amplification. The present analysis suggests new reflections on the processes of zoonotic spillovers and disease emergence. |
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It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-BissauHIV-2Disease emergenceWest AfricaZoonosisBiomedical technologyHistorical epidemiologyThe perfect storm model that was elaborated for the HIV-1M pandemic has also been used to explain the emergence of HIV-2, a second human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-AIDS) that became an epidemic in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. The use of this model creates epidemiological generalizations, ecological oversimplifications and historical misunderstandings as its assumptions—an urban center with explosive population growth, a high level of commercial sex and a surge in STDs, a network of mechanical transport and country-wide, en masse mobile campaigns—are absent from the historical record. This model fails to explain how the HIV-2 epidemic actually came about. This is the first study to conduct an exhaustive examination of sociohistorical contextual developments and align them with environmental, virological and epidemiological data. The interdisciplinary dialogue indicates that the emergence of the HIV-2 epidemic piggybacked on local sociopolitical transformations. The war’s indirect effects on ecological relations, mobility and sociability were acute in rural areas and are a key to the HIV-2 epidemic. This setting had the natural host of the virus, the population numbers, the mobility trends and the use of technology on a scale needed to foster viral adaptation and amplification. The present analysis suggests new reflections on the processes of zoonotic spillovers and disease emergence.and as well as FCT for funds to .MDPIRepositório da Universidade de LisboaVaranda, JorgeSantos, José Maurício2023-06-28T13:45:45Z20232023-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/58389engVaranda, J. & Santos, J. M. (2023). It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8(5), 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed805026110.3390/tropicalmed80502612414-6366info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-11-08T17:07:15Zoai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/58389Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T22:08:40.594636Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau |
title |
It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau |
spellingShingle |
It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau Varanda, Jorge HIV-2 Disease emergence West Africa Zoonosis Biomedical technology Historical epidemiology |
title_short |
It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau |
title_full |
It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau |
title_fullStr |
It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau |
title_full_unstemmed |
It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau |
title_sort |
It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau |
author |
Varanda, Jorge |
author_facet |
Varanda, Jorge Santos, José Maurício |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Santos, José Maurício |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Varanda, Jorge Santos, José Maurício |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
HIV-2 Disease emergence West Africa Zoonosis Biomedical technology Historical epidemiology |
topic |
HIV-2 Disease emergence West Africa Zoonosis Biomedical technology Historical epidemiology |
description |
The perfect storm model that was elaborated for the HIV-1M pandemic has also been used to explain the emergence of HIV-2, a second human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-AIDS) that became an epidemic in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. The use of this model creates epidemiological generalizations, ecological oversimplifications and historical misunderstandings as its assumptions—an urban center with explosive population growth, a high level of commercial sex and a surge in STDs, a network of mechanical transport and country-wide, en masse mobile campaigns—are absent from the historical record. This model fails to explain how the HIV-2 epidemic actually came about. This is the first study to conduct an exhaustive examination of sociohistorical contextual developments and align them with environmental, virological and epidemiological data. The interdisciplinary dialogue indicates that the emergence of the HIV-2 epidemic piggybacked on local sociopolitical transformations. The war’s indirect effects on ecological relations, mobility and sociability were acute in rural areas and are a key to the HIV-2 epidemic. This setting had the natural host of the virus, the population numbers, the mobility trends and the use of technology on a scale needed to foster viral adaptation and amplification. The present analysis suggests new reflections on the processes of zoonotic spillovers and disease emergence. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-28T13:45:45Z 2023 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10451/58389 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10451/58389 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Varanda, J. & Santos, J. M. (2023). It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8(5), 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8050261 10.3390/tropicalmed8050261 2414-6366 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1799134641515397120 |