Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17198 |
Resumo: | Deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields are globally rare (abundant in numbers, but extremely small in area) and are rich in extraordinary life based on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Vent fields are also sources of polymetallic sulfides rich in copper and other metals. Mineral resources of the international seabed beyond national jurisdictions (referred to as the “Area”) are administered by the International Seabed Authority (ISA), which has the mandate to organize and control mineral resource-related activities and to ensure effective protection of the marine environment from harmful effects which may arise from such activities. To date, the ISA has approved 3 contracts for mineral exploration on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (nMAR) and is developing a Regional Environmental Management Plan (REMPs) for polymetallic sulfide resources in the Area of northern MAR, including the application of area-based management tools to address the potential impacts of mining activities. Several intergovernmental organizations have developed suites of criteria to identify vulnerable, sensitive, and ecologically or biologically significant ecosystems in need of protection. In this case study, we combine criteria developed by FAO for VMEs (Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems), by CBD for EBSAs (Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas), and by IMO for PSSAs (Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas) to assess whether the 11 confirmed vent fields on the nMAR may meet these criteria. Our assessment indicates that all vent fields meet multiple criteria for vulnerability, sensitivity, and ecological or biological significance, and 10 of 11 vent fields meet all criteria for ecosystems in need of protection. |
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Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protectionAplicação de critérios científicos para identificação de ecossistemas hidrotérmicos que precisam de proteçãoVulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs)Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs)Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs)Deep-sea miningHydrothermal ventsDeep-sea hydrothermal vent fields are globally rare (abundant in numbers, but extremely small in area) and are rich in extraordinary life based on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Vent fields are also sources of polymetallic sulfides rich in copper and other metals. Mineral resources of the international seabed beyond national jurisdictions (referred to as the “Area”) are administered by the International Seabed Authority (ISA), which has the mandate to organize and control mineral resource-related activities and to ensure effective protection of the marine environment from harmful effects which may arise from such activities. To date, the ISA has approved 3 contracts for mineral exploration on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (nMAR) and is developing a Regional Environmental Management Plan (REMPs) for polymetallic sulfide resources in the Area of northern MAR, including the application of area-based management tools to address the potential impacts of mining activities. Several intergovernmental organizations have developed suites of criteria to identify vulnerable, sensitive, and ecologically or biologically significant ecosystems in need of protection. In this case study, we combine criteria developed by FAO for VMEs (Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems), by CBD for EBSAs (Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas), and by IMO for PSSAs (Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas) to assess whether the 11 confirmed vent fields on the nMAR may meet these criteria. Our assessment indicates that all vent fields meet multiple criteria for vulnerability, sensitivity, and ecological or biological significance, and 10 of 11 vent fields meet all criteria for ecosystems in need of protection.ElsevierSapientiaGollner, S.Colaço, A.Gebruk, A.Halpin, P. N.Higgs, N.Menini, E.Mestre, NéliaQian, P. Y.Sarrazin, J.Szafranski, K.Van Dover, C. L.2021-10-07T14:29:31Z2021-102021-10-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17198eng10.1016/j.marpol.2021.1046411872-9460info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-24T10:29:19Zoai:sapientia.ualg.pt:10400.1/17198Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T20:07:13.523504Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection Aplicação de critérios científicos para identificação de ecossistemas hidrotérmicos que precisam de proteção |
title |
Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection |
spellingShingle |
Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection Gollner, S. Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) Deep-sea mining Hydrothermal vents |
title_short |
Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection |
title_full |
Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection |
title_fullStr |
Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection |
title_full_unstemmed |
Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection |
title_sort |
Application of scientific criteria for identifying hydrothermal ecosystems in need of protection |
author |
Gollner, S. |
author_facet |
Gollner, S. Colaço, A. Gebruk, A. Halpin, P. N. Higgs, N. Menini, E. Mestre, Nélia Qian, P. Y. Sarrazin, J. Szafranski, K. Van Dover, C. L. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Colaço, A. Gebruk, A. Halpin, P. N. Higgs, N. Menini, E. Mestre, Nélia Qian, P. Y. Sarrazin, J. Szafranski, K. Van Dover, C. L. |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Sapientia |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Gollner, S. Colaço, A. Gebruk, A. Halpin, P. N. Higgs, N. Menini, E. Mestre, Nélia Qian, P. Y. Sarrazin, J. Szafranski, K. Van Dover, C. L. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) Deep-sea mining Hydrothermal vents |
topic |
Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) Deep-sea mining Hydrothermal vents |
description |
Deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields are globally rare (abundant in numbers, but extremely small in area) and are rich in extraordinary life based on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Vent fields are also sources of polymetallic sulfides rich in copper and other metals. Mineral resources of the international seabed beyond national jurisdictions (referred to as the “Area”) are administered by the International Seabed Authority (ISA), which has the mandate to organize and control mineral resource-related activities and to ensure effective protection of the marine environment from harmful effects which may arise from such activities. To date, the ISA has approved 3 contracts for mineral exploration on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (nMAR) and is developing a Regional Environmental Management Plan (REMPs) for polymetallic sulfide resources in the Area of northern MAR, including the application of area-based management tools to address the potential impacts of mining activities. Several intergovernmental organizations have developed suites of criteria to identify vulnerable, sensitive, and ecologically or biologically significant ecosystems in need of protection. In this case study, we combine criteria developed by FAO for VMEs (Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems), by CBD for EBSAs (Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas), and by IMO for PSSAs (Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas) to assess whether the 11 confirmed vent fields on the nMAR may meet these criteria. Our assessment indicates that all vent fields meet multiple criteria for vulnerability, sensitivity, and ecological or biological significance, and 10 of 11 vent fields meet all criteria for ecosystems in need of protection. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-07T14:29:31Z 2021-10 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17198 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17198 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104641 1872-9460 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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