Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955 |
Resumo: | Introduction: Gender equality is one of the sustainable development goals. Low participation of women in leadership roles is an example of gender inequality. In Portugal, there are few studies regarding gender inequality in medical leadership roles. Therefore, we aimed to analyse gender distribution of candidates to regional bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association.Material and Methods: We extracted data from the candidates to the regional bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association (2017 - 2019 mandate) from the Association’s magazine (issue number 175). We calculated the percentage of women candidates, overall and stratified by list, region and roles. We obtained observed-vs-expected ratios overall and by region, and respective 95% confidence intervals, assuming a Poisson distribution. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis, excluding substitute candidates.Results: Women accounted for 37% of the candidates (regional variation: 29% - 51%). The national observed-vs-expected ratio was 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.58; 0.92), mainly driven by the ratio from the South Region: 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.41; 0.80). Women ran mainly for alternate candidates and secretary positions (56% and 54% respectively).Discussion: Gender differences were identified, particularly in the South, regarding the frequency and type of candidacy. Previous works have identified maternity, the social role of women and perceptions regarding the leadership roles as possible reasons to explain such differences. Our analysis is limited to specific leadership roles and an election moment; further studies should be pursued.Conclusion: We identified a lower than expected participation of women in the elections for the Portuguese Medical Association. When they run, women are found mainly in less relevant positions or with less potential to be elected (secretary or alternate candidate). A deeper understanding and measures to fight gender inequality in leadership roles are required. |
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Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019Distribuição de Género em Cargos de Liderança na Área Médica em Portugal: O Exemplo das Candidaturas aos Órgãos da Ordem dos Médicos 2017-2019Gender IdentityLeadershipPortugalSexismSocietiesMedicalIdentidade de GéneroLiderançaPortugalSexismoSociedades MédicasIntroduction: Gender equality is one of the sustainable development goals. Low participation of women in leadership roles is an example of gender inequality. In Portugal, there are few studies regarding gender inequality in medical leadership roles. Therefore, we aimed to analyse gender distribution of candidates to regional bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association.Material and Methods: We extracted data from the candidates to the regional bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association (2017 - 2019 mandate) from the Association’s magazine (issue number 175). We calculated the percentage of women candidates, overall and stratified by list, region and roles. We obtained observed-vs-expected ratios overall and by region, and respective 95% confidence intervals, assuming a Poisson distribution. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis, excluding substitute candidates.Results: Women accounted for 37% of the candidates (regional variation: 29% - 51%). The national observed-vs-expected ratio was 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.58; 0.92), mainly driven by the ratio from the South Region: 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.41; 0.80). Women ran mainly for alternate candidates and secretary positions (56% and 54% respectively).Discussion: Gender differences were identified, particularly in the South, regarding the frequency and type of candidacy. Previous works have identified maternity, the social role of women and perceptions regarding the leadership roles as possible reasons to explain such differences. Our analysis is limited to specific leadership roles and an election moment; further studies should be pursued.Conclusion: We identified a lower than expected participation of women in the elections for the Portuguese Medical Association. When they run, women are found mainly in less relevant positions or with less potential to be elected (secretary or alternate candidate). A deeper understanding and measures to fight gender inequality in leadership roles are required.Introdução: A igualdade de género constitui um dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável. Uma manifestação de desigualdade de género é a baixa participação de mulheres em cargos de liderança. Em Portugal, são escassos os estudos sobre a desigualdade de género na liderança na área médica. Assim, o presente trabalho pretendeu analisar a distribuição de género em candidaturas aos órgãos regionais da Ordem dos Médicos.Material e Métodos: Foram extraídos da Revista da Ordem dos Médicos (número 175) os dados dos candidatos aos órgãos regionais da Ordem dos Médicos (mandato de 2017 - 2019). Obtiveram-se as percentagens de mulheres candidatas, globalmente, por lista, regiões e cargos. Calcularam-se razões observado-versus-esperado por secção regional e intervalos de confiança a 95% assumindo uma distribuição de Poisson. Foi realizada análise de sensibilidade, excluindo os candidatos a suplentes.Resultados: Trinta e sete por cento dos candidatos eram médicas (variação por região: 29% - 51%). A nível nacional a razão observado-versus-esperado foi de 0,74 (intervalo confiança a 95%: 0,58; 0,92), principalmente influenciada pela razão da região Sul de 0,58 (intervalo confiança a 95%: 0,41; 0,80). Existiu uma predominância de mulheres nas candidaturas para suplentes e secretário (56% e 54% respetivamente).Discussão: A diferença entre géneros é particularmente acentuada na região Sul, na frequência e tipo de cargos a que se candidatam. As razões apontadas na literatura relacionam-se com a maternidade, o papel social da mulher e perceções sobre o desempenho dos cargos de lideraça. Este estudo é limitado à análise de um tipo de liderança e um momento eleitoral, sendo necessárias análises mais abrangentes.Conclusão: Houve menor participação do que o expectável por parte das médicas no processo eleitoral da Ordem dos Médicos. Quando participam, as mulheres tendem a fazê-lo em cargos de menor relevância ou com menos potencial para eleição (secretário ou suplente). É necessário aprofundar o estudo e introduzir medidas de combate à desigualdade de género em cargos de liderança.Ordem dos Médicos2021-05-02info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955oai:ojs.www.actamedicaportuguesa.com:article/12955Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 34 No. 5 (2021): May; 342-346Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 34 N.º 5 (2021): Maio; 342-3461646-07580870-399Xreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPporenghttps://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955/6216https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955/6728https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955/11954https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955/12226Direitos de Autor (c) 2020 Acta Médica Portuguesainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCabral, MiguelPaixão, MargaridaLeite, Andreia2022-12-20T11:06:44Zoai:ojs.www.actamedicaportuguesa.com:article/12955Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:20:15.418818Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019 Distribuição de Género em Cargos de Liderança na Área Médica em Portugal: O Exemplo das Candidaturas aos Órgãos da Ordem dos Médicos 2017-2019 |
title |
Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019 |
spellingShingle |
Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019 Cabral, Miguel Gender Identity Leadership Portugal Sexism Societies Medical Identidade de Género Liderança Portugal Sexismo Sociedades Médicas |
title_short |
Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019 |
title_full |
Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019 |
title_fullStr |
Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019 |
title_sort |
Gender Distribution in Medical Leadership Roles in Portugal: The Example of Candidacy to Bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association 2017-2019 |
author |
Cabral, Miguel |
author_facet |
Cabral, Miguel Paixão, Margarida Leite, Andreia |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Paixão, Margarida Leite, Andreia |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cabral, Miguel Paixão, Margarida Leite, Andreia |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Gender Identity Leadership Portugal Sexism Societies Medical Identidade de Género Liderança Portugal Sexismo Sociedades Médicas |
topic |
Gender Identity Leadership Portugal Sexism Societies Medical Identidade de Género Liderança Portugal Sexismo Sociedades Médicas |
description |
Introduction: Gender equality is one of the sustainable development goals. Low participation of women in leadership roles is an example of gender inequality. In Portugal, there are few studies regarding gender inequality in medical leadership roles. Therefore, we aimed to analyse gender distribution of candidates to regional bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association.Material and Methods: We extracted data from the candidates to the regional bodies of the Portuguese Medical Association (2017 - 2019 mandate) from the Association’s magazine (issue number 175). We calculated the percentage of women candidates, overall and stratified by list, region and roles. We obtained observed-vs-expected ratios overall and by region, and respective 95% confidence intervals, assuming a Poisson distribution. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis, excluding substitute candidates.Results: Women accounted for 37% of the candidates (regional variation: 29% - 51%). The national observed-vs-expected ratio was 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.58; 0.92), mainly driven by the ratio from the South Region: 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.41; 0.80). Women ran mainly for alternate candidates and secretary positions (56% and 54% respectively).Discussion: Gender differences were identified, particularly in the South, regarding the frequency and type of candidacy. Previous works have identified maternity, the social role of women and perceptions regarding the leadership roles as possible reasons to explain such differences. Our analysis is limited to specific leadership roles and an election moment; further studies should be pursued.Conclusion: We identified a lower than expected participation of women in the elections for the Portuguese Medical Association. When they run, women are found mainly in less relevant positions or with less potential to be elected (secretary or alternate candidate). A deeper understanding and measures to fight gender inequality in leadership roles are required. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-02 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955 oai:ojs.www.actamedicaportuguesa.com:article/12955 |
url |
https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955 |
identifier_str_mv |
oai:ojs.www.actamedicaportuguesa.com:article/12955 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por eng |
language |
por eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955 https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955/6216 https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955/6728 https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955/11954 https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12955/12226 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Direitos de Autor (c) 2020 Acta Médica Portuguesa info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Direitos de Autor (c) 2020 Acta Médica Portuguesa |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
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application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Ordem dos Médicos |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Ordem dos Médicos |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 34 No. 5 (2021): May; 342-346 Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 34 N.º 5 (2021): Maio; 342-346 1646-0758 0870-399X reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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