Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10316/105291 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27356-8 |
Resumo: | Relatively little is known about Nubia's genetic landscape prior to the influence of the Islamic migrations that began in the late 1st millennium CE. Here, we increase the number of ancient individuals with genome-level data from the Nile Valley from three to 69, reporting data for 66 individuals from two cemeteries at the Christian Period (~650-1000 CE) site of Kulubnarti, where multiple lines of evidence suggest social stratification. The Kulubnarti Nubians had ~43% Nilotic-related ancestry (individual variation between ~36-54%) with the remaining ancestry consistent with being introduced through Egypt and ultimately deriving from an ancestry pool like that found in the Bronze and Iron Age Levant. The Kulubnarti gene pool - shaped over a millennium - harbors disproportionately female-associated West Eurasian-related ancestry. Genetic similarity among individuals from the two cemeteries supports a hypothesis of social division without genetic distinction. Seven pairs of inter-cemetery relatives suggest fluidity between cemetery groups. Present-day Nubians are not directly descended from the Kulubnarti Nubians, attesting to additional genetic input since the Christian Period. |
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Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period NubiaEgyptFemaleFossilsGene PoolGenetic DriftGenetic VariationGenetics, PopulationGenome, HumanHistory, AncientHumansMaleSex CharacteristicsSudanSocial StatusRelatively little is known about Nubia's genetic landscape prior to the influence of the Islamic migrations that began in the late 1st millennium CE. Here, we increase the number of ancient individuals with genome-level data from the Nile Valley from three to 69, reporting data for 66 individuals from two cemeteries at the Christian Period (~650-1000 CE) site of Kulubnarti, where multiple lines of evidence suggest social stratification. The Kulubnarti Nubians had ~43% Nilotic-related ancestry (individual variation between ~36-54%) with the remaining ancestry consistent with being introduced through Egypt and ultimately deriving from an ancestry pool like that found in the Bronze and Iron Age Levant. The Kulubnarti gene pool - shaped over a millennium - harbors disproportionately female-associated West Eurasian-related ancestry. Genetic similarity among individuals from the two cemeteries supports a hypothesis of social division without genetic distinction. Seven pairs of inter-cemetery relatives suggest fluidity between cemetery groups. Present-day Nubians are not directly descended from the Kulubnarti Nubians, attesting to additional genetic input since the Christian Period.Springer Nature2021-12-14info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/105291http://hdl.handle.net/10316/105291https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27356-8eng2041-1723Sirak, Kendra AFernandes, DanielLipson, MarkMallick, SwapanMah, MatthewOlalde, IñigoRingbauer, HaraldRohland, NadinHadden, Carla SHarney, EadaoinAdamski, NicoleBernardos, RebeccaBroomandkhoshbacht, NasreenCallan, KimberlyFerry, MatthewLawson, Ann MarieMichel, MeganOppenheimer, JonasStewardson, KristinZalzala, FatmaPatterson, NickPinhasi, RonThompson, Jessica CVan Gerven, DennisReich, Davidinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-02-15T09:23:38Zoai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/105291Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T21:21:53.177600Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia |
title |
Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia |
spellingShingle |
Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia Sirak, Kendra A Egypt Female Fossils Gene Pool Genetic Drift Genetic Variation Genetics, Population Genome, Human History, Ancient Humans Male Sex Characteristics Sudan Social Status |
title_short |
Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia |
title_full |
Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia |
title_fullStr |
Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia |
title_sort |
Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia |
author |
Sirak, Kendra A |
author_facet |
Sirak, Kendra A Fernandes, Daniel Lipson, Mark Mallick, Swapan Mah, Matthew Olalde, Iñigo Ringbauer, Harald Rohland, Nadin Hadden, Carla S Harney, Eadaoin Adamski, Nicole Bernardos, Rebecca Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen Callan, Kimberly Ferry, Matthew Lawson, Ann Marie Michel, Megan Oppenheimer, Jonas Stewardson, Kristin Zalzala, Fatma Patterson, Nick Pinhasi, Ron Thompson, Jessica C Van Gerven, Dennis Reich, David |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Fernandes, Daniel Lipson, Mark Mallick, Swapan Mah, Matthew Olalde, Iñigo Ringbauer, Harald Rohland, Nadin Hadden, Carla S Harney, Eadaoin Adamski, Nicole Bernardos, Rebecca Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen Callan, Kimberly Ferry, Matthew Lawson, Ann Marie Michel, Megan Oppenheimer, Jonas Stewardson, Kristin Zalzala, Fatma Patterson, Nick Pinhasi, Ron Thompson, Jessica C Van Gerven, Dennis Reich, David |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Sirak, Kendra A Fernandes, Daniel Lipson, Mark Mallick, Swapan Mah, Matthew Olalde, Iñigo Ringbauer, Harald Rohland, Nadin Hadden, Carla S Harney, Eadaoin Adamski, Nicole Bernardos, Rebecca Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen Callan, Kimberly Ferry, Matthew Lawson, Ann Marie Michel, Megan Oppenheimer, Jonas Stewardson, Kristin Zalzala, Fatma Patterson, Nick Pinhasi, Ron Thompson, Jessica C Van Gerven, Dennis Reich, David |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Egypt Female Fossils Gene Pool Genetic Drift Genetic Variation Genetics, Population Genome, Human History, Ancient Humans Male Sex Characteristics Sudan Social Status |
topic |
Egypt Female Fossils Gene Pool Genetic Drift Genetic Variation Genetics, Population Genome, Human History, Ancient Humans Male Sex Characteristics Sudan Social Status |
description |
Relatively little is known about Nubia's genetic landscape prior to the influence of the Islamic migrations that began in the late 1st millennium CE. Here, we increase the number of ancient individuals with genome-level data from the Nile Valley from three to 69, reporting data for 66 individuals from two cemeteries at the Christian Period (~650-1000 CE) site of Kulubnarti, where multiple lines of evidence suggest social stratification. The Kulubnarti Nubians had ~43% Nilotic-related ancestry (individual variation between ~36-54%) with the remaining ancestry consistent with being introduced through Egypt and ultimately deriving from an ancestry pool like that found in the Bronze and Iron Age Levant. The Kulubnarti gene pool - shaped over a millennium - harbors disproportionately female-associated West Eurasian-related ancestry. Genetic similarity among individuals from the two cemeteries supports a hypothesis of social division without genetic distinction. Seven pairs of inter-cemetery relatives suggest fluidity between cemetery groups. Present-day Nubians are not directly descended from the Kulubnarti Nubians, attesting to additional genetic input since the Christian Period. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-12-14 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/105291 http://hdl.handle.net/10316/105291 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27356-8 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/105291 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27356-8 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
2041-1723 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Springer Nature |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Springer Nature |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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