Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in Portugal
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10362/159936 |
Resumo: | ABSTRACT - Introduction: Air pollution, specifically PM2.51 , is one of the leading environmental causes of global mortality, with significant negative effects on health, particularly on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to analyze PM2.5 levels in Portugal from 2003-2021, considering different regions, emission influences, and environmental areas, and to compare them with the EU AQD 20082 and WHO AQG3 2006/2021. Study Design: Data from the QualAr4 Portugal platform was obtained for each monitoring station, including levels of PM2.5, region, city, station, emission influence, and environment. The percentage of hourly exceedances of EU AQD and WHO AQG of 2006 and 2021 was determined. Results: From 2003 to 2021, PM2.5 levels decreased, with significant differences between Lisbon Metropolitan Area and other regions (p≤0.05). There were national-level differences in 2015-2016 and 2019–2021, including lockdown months in 2020 and 2021 (p≤0.05). Stations from urban and suburban areas, as well as traffic and background influence, showed higher significant PM2.5 levels when compared to other stations (p≤0.05). In 2021, atmospheric PM2.5 levels exceeded the EU AQD 2008 and WHO AQG 2006 and 2021, ranging from 0.07% to 11.70%, to 0.3% to 37%, and 6% to 72%, respectively. Conclusion: Lisbon Metropolitan Area had differences among another regions. The flow of people due to restriction measures during COVID-195 pandemic caused a reduction in pollution by PM2.5. Urban areas and traffic had the highest WHO AQG 2021 exceedance percentage. Despite environmental policies aiming to improve air quality, Portugal experienced periods of exceedance of references levels, making it challenging to meet the ongoing WHO AQD recommended limits. |
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Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in PortugalOutdoor air pollutionParticulate matterAir QualityPortugalPoluição do arPartículas FinasQualidade do ArDomínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências SociaisABSTRACT - Introduction: Air pollution, specifically PM2.51 , is one of the leading environmental causes of global mortality, with significant negative effects on health, particularly on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to analyze PM2.5 levels in Portugal from 2003-2021, considering different regions, emission influences, and environmental areas, and to compare them with the EU AQD 20082 and WHO AQG3 2006/2021. Study Design: Data from the QualAr4 Portugal platform was obtained for each monitoring station, including levels of PM2.5, region, city, station, emission influence, and environment. The percentage of hourly exceedances of EU AQD and WHO AQG of 2006 and 2021 was determined. Results: From 2003 to 2021, PM2.5 levels decreased, with significant differences between Lisbon Metropolitan Area and other regions (p≤0.05). There were national-level differences in 2015-2016 and 2019–2021, including lockdown months in 2020 and 2021 (p≤0.05). Stations from urban and suburban areas, as well as traffic and background influence, showed higher significant PM2.5 levels when compared to other stations (p≤0.05). In 2021, atmospheric PM2.5 levels exceeded the EU AQD 2008 and WHO AQG 2006 and 2021, ranging from 0.07% to 11.70%, to 0.3% to 37%, and 6% to 72%, respectively. Conclusion: Lisbon Metropolitan Area had differences among another regions. The flow of people due to restriction measures during COVID-195 pandemic caused a reduction in pollution by PM2.5. Urban areas and traffic had the highest WHO AQG 2021 exceedance percentage. Despite environmental policies aiming to improve air quality, Portugal experienced periods of exceedance of references levels, making it challenging to meet the ongoing WHO AQD recommended limits.RESUMO - Introdução: A poluição do ar, especificamente por PM2.51, é uma das principais causas ambientais de mortalidade global, com efeitos significativos negativos na saúde, principalmente na morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar os níveis de PM2.5 em Portugal de 2003 a 2021, considerando diferentes regiões, influências de emissões e áreas ambientais, e comparar com a EU AQD2 2008 e as WHO AQG3 2006/2021. Desenho do estudo: Foram obtidos dados da plataforma QualAr4 Portugal para cada estação de monitorização, incluindo concentrações, região, cidade, estação, influência de emissões e tipo de ambiente. Foi determinada a percentagem de excedências da EU AQD 2008 e das WHO AQG de 2006 e 2021. Resultados: De 2003 a 2021, os níveis de PM2.5 diminuíram, com diferenças significativas entre a Área Metropolitana de Lisboa e outras regiões (p<0,05). A nível nacional foram observadas diferenças em 2015-2016 e 2019-2021, incluindo os meses de confinamento em 2020 e 2021 (p≤0,05). As estações em áreas urbanas e suburbanas, assim como a influência do tráfego e do fundo, apresentaram níveis elevados de PM2.5 em comparação com outras estações (p<0,05). Em 2021, os níveis atmosféricos de PM2.5 excederam os limites estabelecidos pelo EU AQD 2008 e o WHO AQG 2006 e 2021, variando de 0,07% a 11,70%, de 0,3% a 37% e de 6% a 72%, respetivamente. Conclusão: A Área Metropolitana de Lisboa apresentou diferenças em relação a outras regiões. O fluxo de pessoas como consequência das medidas restritivas durante a pandemia por COVID-195 provocou redução da poluição por PM2.5. As áreas urbanas e o tráfego tiveram uma elevada percentagem de excedência do WHO AQG 2021. Apesar das políticas ambientais para melhorar a qualidade do ar, Portugal enfrentou períodos de níveis acima do EU AQD, tornando desafiante alcançar os limites recomendados da WHO AQD 2021.Viegas, SusanaMartins, CarlaRUNLima, Lorena Falcão20232024-06-06T00:00:00Z2023-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/159936TID:203349636enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-03-11T05:42:26Zoai:run.unl.pt:10362/159936Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T03:57:46.754404Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in Portugal |
title |
Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in Portugal |
spellingShingle |
Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in Portugal Lima, Lorena Falcão Outdoor air pollution Particulate matter Air Quality Portugal Poluição do ar Partículas Finas Qualidade do Ar Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais |
title_short |
Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in Portugal |
title_full |
Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in Portugal |
title_fullStr |
Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in Portugal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in Portugal |
title_sort |
Outdoor Air monitoring of atmospheric levels of PM2.5 in Portugal over the years (2003-2021): first step for effectiveness evaluation of air quality policies in Portugal |
author |
Lima, Lorena Falcão |
author_facet |
Lima, Lorena Falcão |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Viegas, Susana Martins, Carla RUN |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Lima, Lorena Falcão |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Outdoor air pollution Particulate matter Air Quality Portugal Poluição do ar Partículas Finas Qualidade do Ar Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais |
topic |
Outdoor air pollution Particulate matter Air Quality Portugal Poluição do ar Partículas Finas Qualidade do Ar Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais |
description |
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Air pollution, specifically PM2.51 , is one of the leading environmental causes of global mortality, with significant negative effects on health, particularly on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to analyze PM2.5 levels in Portugal from 2003-2021, considering different regions, emission influences, and environmental areas, and to compare them with the EU AQD 20082 and WHO AQG3 2006/2021. Study Design: Data from the QualAr4 Portugal platform was obtained for each monitoring station, including levels of PM2.5, region, city, station, emission influence, and environment. The percentage of hourly exceedances of EU AQD and WHO AQG of 2006 and 2021 was determined. Results: From 2003 to 2021, PM2.5 levels decreased, with significant differences between Lisbon Metropolitan Area and other regions (p≤0.05). There were national-level differences in 2015-2016 and 2019–2021, including lockdown months in 2020 and 2021 (p≤0.05). Stations from urban and suburban areas, as well as traffic and background influence, showed higher significant PM2.5 levels when compared to other stations (p≤0.05). In 2021, atmospheric PM2.5 levels exceeded the EU AQD 2008 and WHO AQG 2006 and 2021, ranging from 0.07% to 11.70%, to 0.3% to 37%, and 6% to 72%, respectively. Conclusion: Lisbon Metropolitan Area had differences among another regions. The flow of people due to restriction measures during COVID-195 pandemic caused a reduction in pollution by PM2.5. Urban areas and traffic had the highest WHO AQG 2021 exceedance percentage. Despite environmental policies aiming to improve air quality, Portugal experienced periods of exceedance of references levels, making it challenging to meet the ongoing WHO AQD recommended limits. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z 2024-06-06T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10362/159936 TID:203349636 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10362/159936 |
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TID:203349636 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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