Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social game

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Viana, DS
Data de Publicação: 2010
Outros Autores: Gordo, I, Sucena, E, Moita, MA
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.7/130
Resumo: Background: Game theory and the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game in particular, which captures the paradox of cooperative interactions that lead to benefits but entail costs to the interacting individuals, have constituted a powerful tool in the study of the mechanisms of reciprocity. However, in non-human animals most tests of reciprocity in PD games have resulted in sustained defection strategies. As a consequence, it has been suggested that under such stringent conditions as the PD game humans alone have evolved the necessary cognitive abilities to engage in reciprocity, namely, numerical discrimination, memory and control of temporal discounting. Methodology/Principal Findings: We use an iterated PD game to test rats (Rattus norvegicus) for the presence of such cognitive abilities by manipulating the strategy of the opponent, Tit-for-Tat and Pseudo-Random, or the relative size of the temptation to defect. We found that rats shape their behaviour according to the opponent's strategy and the relative outcome resulting from cooperative or defective moves. Finally, we show that the behaviour of rats is contingent upon their motivational state (hungry versus sated). Conclusions/Significance: Here we show that rats understand the payoff matrix of the PD game and the strategy of the opponent. Importantly, our findings reveal that rats possess the necessary cognitive capacities for reciprocity-based cooperation to emerge in the context of a prisoner's dilemma. Finally, the validation of the rat as a model to study reciprocity-based cooperation during the PD game opens new avenues of research in experimental neuroscience.
id RCAP_ed3a83f8f8aa766a31f4e309b10029f6
oai_identifier_str oai:arca.igc.gulbenkian.pt:10400.7/130
network_acronym_str RCAP
network_name_str Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
repository_id_str 7160
spelling Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social gameBackground: Game theory and the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game in particular, which captures the paradox of cooperative interactions that lead to benefits but entail costs to the interacting individuals, have constituted a powerful tool in the study of the mechanisms of reciprocity. However, in non-human animals most tests of reciprocity in PD games have resulted in sustained defection strategies. As a consequence, it has been suggested that under such stringent conditions as the PD game humans alone have evolved the necessary cognitive abilities to engage in reciprocity, namely, numerical discrimination, memory and control of temporal discounting. Methodology/Principal Findings: We use an iterated PD game to test rats (Rattus norvegicus) for the presence of such cognitive abilities by manipulating the strategy of the opponent, Tit-for-Tat and Pseudo-Random, or the relative size of the temptation to defect. We found that rats shape their behaviour according to the opponent's strategy and the relative outcome resulting from cooperative or defective moves. Finally, we show that the behaviour of rats is contingent upon their motivational state (hungry versus sated). Conclusions/Significance: Here we show that rats understand the payoff matrix of the PD game and the strategy of the opponent. Importantly, our findings reveal that rats possess the necessary cognitive capacities for reciprocity-based cooperation to emerge in the context of a prisoner's dilemma. Finally, the validation of the rat as a model to study reciprocity-based cooperation during the PD game opens new avenues of research in experimental neuroscience.PloS ONEARCAViana, DSGordo, ISucena, EMoita, MA2010-07-20T14:41:10Z2010-01-132010-01-13T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.7/130engViana DS, Gordo I, Sucena E´ , Moita MAP (2010) Cognitive and Motivational Requirements for the Emergence of Cooperation in a Rat Social Game. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8483. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.00084831932-6203info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2022-11-29T14:34:39Zoai:arca.igc.gulbenkian.pt:10400.7/130Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:11:35.253572Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social game
title Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social game
spellingShingle Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social game
Viana, DS
title_short Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social game
title_full Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social game
title_fullStr Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social game
title_full_unstemmed Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social game
title_sort Cognitive and motivational requirements for the emergence of cooperation in a rat social game
author Viana, DS
author_facet Viana, DS
Gordo, I
Sucena, E
Moita, MA
author_role author
author2 Gordo, I
Sucena, E
Moita, MA
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv ARCA
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Viana, DS
Gordo, I
Sucena, E
Moita, MA
description Background: Game theory and the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game in particular, which captures the paradox of cooperative interactions that lead to benefits but entail costs to the interacting individuals, have constituted a powerful tool in the study of the mechanisms of reciprocity. However, in non-human animals most tests of reciprocity in PD games have resulted in sustained defection strategies. As a consequence, it has been suggested that under such stringent conditions as the PD game humans alone have evolved the necessary cognitive abilities to engage in reciprocity, namely, numerical discrimination, memory and control of temporal discounting. Methodology/Principal Findings: We use an iterated PD game to test rats (Rattus norvegicus) for the presence of such cognitive abilities by manipulating the strategy of the opponent, Tit-for-Tat and Pseudo-Random, or the relative size of the temptation to defect. We found that rats shape their behaviour according to the opponent's strategy and the relative outcome resulting from cooperative or defective moves. Finally, we show that the behaviour of rats is contingent upon their motivational state (hungry versus sated). Conclusions/Significance: Here we show that rats understand the payoff matrix of the PD game and the strategy of the opponent. Importantly, our findings reveal that rats possess the necessary cognitive capacities for reciprocity-based cooperation to emerge in the context of a prisoner's dilemma. Finally, the validation of the rat as a model to study reciprocity-based cooperation during the PD game opens new avenues of research in experimental neuroscience.
publishDate 2010
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2010-07-20T14:41:10Z
2010-01-13
2010-01-13T00:00:00Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10400.7/130
url http://hdl.handle.net/10400.7/130
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Viana DS, Gordo I, Sucena E´ , Moita MAP (2010) Cognitive and Motivational Requirements for the Emergence of Cooperation in a Rat Social Game. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8483. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008483
1932-6203
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv PloS ONE
publisher.none.fl_str_mv PloS ONE
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
instname_str Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron_str RCAAP
institution RCAAP
reponame_str Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
collection Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1799130571444584448