The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavage
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | spa |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.14.2022.e583 |
Resumo: | Poverty and climate change are the main global challenges of the 21st century and also two interconnected problems. In the second half of the 20th century, new cleavages appeared, such as feminism, multiculturalism, and environmentalism, along with the social class division. The climate crisis creates the developmentalism-environmentalism dimension, which overlaps the classic distinction between left and right, and can be represented in a double ideological axis. The political debate between development and sustainability has advanced in Latin America with respect to other places due to its dependence on extractivism and its biodiversity. The impacts of extractivism have led to the appearance of two criticisms considered to be leftist but with different economic and political strategies and incompatible in many aspects: neo-extractivism and post-extractivism. In the Latin American context at the beginning of the 21st century, the relationship between neo-extractivism and eco-indigenism is complex. The conditions of possibility for the breakup of the progressive bloc are developing throughout the region, but they are especially intense in Ecuador. The division has become visible in the 2021 presidential election, in which the left-wing sweeps in the first round but surprisingly loses in the second one, showing that Ecuador’s politics are incomprehensible without adding the extractivism – post-extractivism dimension. The double ideological axis is an analysis method adaptable to the political systems of more and more countries. In addition, it is not a static tool, but its positions can be altered by political events such as the articulation of a right-wing environmentalism in Ecuador and in some European countries. |
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The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavageLa derrota de la izquierda en Ecuador en el cleavage extractivismo-ecologismoIdeologyCleavageEcuadorExtractivismEcologismIdeologíaCleavageEcuadorExtractivismoEcologismoPoverty and climate change are the main global challenges of the 21st century and also two interconnected problems. In the second half of the 20th century, new cleavages appeared, such as feminism, multiculturalism, and environmentalism, along with the social class division. The climate crisis creates the developmentalism-environmentalism dimension, which overlaps the classic distinction between left and right, and can be represented in a double ideological axis. The political debate between development and sustainability has advanced in Latin America with respect to other places due to its dependence on extractivism and its biodiversity. The impacts of extractivism have led to the appearance of two criticisms considered to be leftist but with different economic and political strategies and incompatible in many aspects: neo-extractivism and post-extractivism. In the Latin American context at the beginning of the 21st century, the relationship between neo-extractivism and eco-indigenism is complex. The conditions of possibility for the breakup of the progressive bloc are developing throughout the region, but they are especially intense in Ecuador. The division has become visible in the 2021 presidential election, in which the left-wing sweeps in the first round but surprisingly loses in the second one, showing that Ecuador’s politics are incomprehensible without adding the extractivism – post-extractivism dimension. The double ideological axis is an analysis method adaptable to the political systems of more and more countries. In addition, it is not a static tool, but its positions can be altered by political events such as the articulation of a right-wing environmentalism in Ecuador and in some European countries.La pobreza y el cambio climático son los principales retos mundiales del siglo XXI y también dos problemas interconectados. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX aparecen nuevas fracturas, como el feminismo, el multiculturalismo y el ecologismo, junto a la división de clase social. La crisis climática crea la dimensión desarrollismo-ecologismo, que se superpone a la clásica distinción entre izquierda y derecha, pudiendo representarse en un doble eje ideológico. El debate político entre desarrollo y sostenibilidad se ha adelantado en América Latina con respecto a otros lugares debido a su dependencia del extractivismo y a su biodiversidad. Los impactos del extractivismo han provocado la aparición de dos críticas consideradas de izquierda pero con estrategias económicas y políticas distintas y en muchos aspectos incompatibles: el neoextractivismo y el postextractivismo. En el contexto latinoamericano de principios del siglo XXI, la relación entre el neoextractivismo y el ecoindigenismo es compleja. Las condiciones de posibilidad para la ruptura del bloque progresista se desarrollan en toda la región, pero son especialmente intensas en Ecuador. La división se ha hecho visible en las elecciones presidenciales de 2021, en las que la izquierda arrasa en la primera vuelta pero pierde de manera sorprendente en la segunda, lo que demuestra que la política de Ecuador es incomprensible sin añadir la dimensión extractivismo-postextractivismo. El doble eje ideológico es un método de análisis adaptable a los sistemas políticos de cada vez más países. Además, no se trata de una herramienta estática, sino que sus posiciones pueden ser alteradas por sucesos políticos como la articulación de un ecologismo de derechas en Ecuador y en algunos países europeos.Ludomedia2022-07-08T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.14.2022.e583oai:ojs.publi.ludomedia.org:article/583New Trends in Qualitative Research; Vol. 14 (2022): Investigação Qualitativa em Ciências Sociais: Avanços e Desafios; e583New Trends in Qualitative Research; Vol. 14 (2022): Investigação Qualitativa em Ciências Sociais: Avanços e Desafios; e583New Trends in Qualitative Research; Vol. 14 (2022): Investigação Qualitativa em Ciências Sociais: Avanços e Desafios; e5832184-777010.36367/ntqr.14.2022reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPspahttps://publi.ludomedia.org/index.php/ntqr/article/view/583https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.14.2022.e583https://publi.ludomedia.org/index.php/ntqr/article/view/583/617https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessÁlvaro Ramón Sánchez2022-09-06T18:57:21ZPortal AgregadorONG |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavage La derrota de la izquierda en Ecuador en el cleavage extractivismo-ecologismo |
title |
The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavage |
spellingShingle |
The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavage Álvaro Ramón Sánchez Ideology Cleavage Ecuador Extractivism Ecologism Ideología Cleavage Ecuador Extractivismo Ecologismo |
title_short |
The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavage |
title_full |
The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavage |
title_fullStr |
The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavage |
title_full_unstemmed |
The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavage |
title_sort |
The defeat of the left in Ecuador in the extractivism-ecology cleavage |
author |
Álvaro Ramón Sánchez |
author_facet |
Álvaro Ramón Sánchez |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Álvaro Ramón Sánchez |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ideology Cleavage Ecuador Extractivism Ecologism Ideología Cleavage Ecuador Extractivismo Ecologismo |
topic |
Ideology Cleavage Ecuador Extractivism Ecologism Ideología Cleavage Ecuador Extractivismo Ecologismo |
description |
Poverty and climate change are the main global challenges of the 21st century and also two interconnected problems. In the second half of the 20th century, new cleavages appeared, such as feminism, multiculturalism, and environmentalism, along with the social class division. The climate crisis creates the developmentalism-environmentalism dimension, which overlaps the classic distinction between left and right, and can be represented in a double ideological axis. The political debate between development and sustainability has advanced in Latin America with respect to other places due to its dependence on extractivism and its biodiversity. The impacts of extractivism have led to the appearance of two criticisms considered to be leftist but with different economic and political strategies and incompatible in many aspects: neo-extractivism and post-extractivism. In the Latin American context at the beginning of the 21st century, the relationship between neo-extractivism and eco-indigenism is complex. The conditions of possibility for the breakup of the progressive bloc are developing throughout the region, but they are especially intense in Ecuador. The division has become visible in the 2021 presidential election, in which the left-wing sweeps in the first round but surprisingly loses in the second one, showing that Ecuador’s politics are incomprehensible without adding the extractivism – post-extractivism dimension. The double ideological axis is an analysis method adaptable to the political systems of more and more countries. In addition, it is not a static tool, but its positions can be altered by political events such as the articulation of a right-wing environmentalism in Ecuador and in some European countries. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-08T00:00:00Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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article |
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https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.14.2022.e583 oai:ojs.publi.ludomedia.org:article/583 |
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https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.14.2022.e583 |
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https://publi.ludomedia.org/index.php/ntqr/article/view/583 https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.14.2022.e583 https://publi.ludomedia.org/index.php/ntqr/article/view/583/617 |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
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openAccess |
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New Trends in Qualitative Research; Vol. 14 (2022): Investigação Qualitativa em Ciências Sociais: Avanços e Desafios; e583 New Trends in Qualitative Research; Vol. 14 (2022): Investigação Qualitativa em Ciências Sociais: Avanços e Desafios; e583 New Trends in Qualitative Research; Vol. 14 (2022): Investigação Qualitativa em Ciências Sociais: Avanços e Desafios; e583 2184-7770 10.36367/ntqr.14.2022 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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