Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicans

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Roxo, Mariana
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Zuzarte, Mónica, Gonçalves, Maria José, Silva, Jorge M. Alves, Cavaleiro, Carlos, Cruz, Maria Teresa, Salgueiro, Lígia
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106715
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75244-w
Resumo: Thymus albicans is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula with a vulnerable conservation status. In an attempt to contribute to the valorization of this species, the present study brings new insights on the antifungal and anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of T. albicans essential oil. The antifungal activity of the oil and its major compounds was assessed for the first time against standard and clinically isolated strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi. The effect on the two major virulence factors of Candida albicans (germ tube formation and biofilm disruption) was considered in more detail. At 0.08 μL/mL, the oil inhibited C. albicans germ tube formation by more than 40% and decreased biofilm biomass at MIC values, thus pointing out its antivirulent potential. The anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil was investigated on LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) by evaluating the levels of several pro-inflammatory mediators, namely nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). T. albicans oil reduced the production of nitrites, a NO derived sub-product, at non-cytotoxic concentrations of 0.32 and 0.64 μL/mL, by 27 and 41%, respectively. In addition, the iNOS protein levels of essential oil pre-treated cells were reduced by 14%. Overall, the high essential oil yield of T. albicans as well as its bioactive effects at concentrations without cytotoxicity, encourage further studies on the potential pharmacological applications of this species. Furthermore, these results raise awareness for the need to preserve endangered species that may hold relevant medicinal value.
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spelling Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicansThymus albicans is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula with a vulnerable conservation status. In an attempt to contribute to the valorization of this species, the present study brings new insights on the antifungal and anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of T. albicans essential oil. The antifungal activity of the oil and its major compounds was assessed for the first time against standard and clinically isolated strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi. The effect on the two major virulence factors of Candida albicans (germ tube formation and biofilm disruption) was considered in more detail. At 0.08 μL/mL, the oil inhibited C. albicans germ tube formation by more than 40% and decreased biofilm biomass at MIC values, thus pointing out its antivirulent potential. The anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil was investigated on LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) by evaluating the levels of several pro-inflammatory mediators, namely nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). T. albicans oil reduced the production of nitrites, a NO derived sub-product, at non-cytotoxic concentrations of 0.32 and 0.64 μL/mL, by 27 and 41%, respectively. In addition, the iNOS protein levels of essential oil pre-treated cells were reduced by 14%. Overall, the high essential oil yield of T. albicans as well as its bioactive effects at concentrations without cytotoxicity, encourage further studies on the potential pharmacological applications of this species. Furthermore, these results raise awareness for the need to preserve endangered species that may hold relevant medicinal value.Springer Nature2020-11-02info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/106715http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106715https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75244-weng2045-2322331397582045-2322Roxo, MarianaZuzarte, MónicaGonçalves, Maria JoséSilva, Jorge M. AlvesCavaleiro, CarlosCruz, Maria TeresaSalgueiro, Lígiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-04-18T09:57:12Zoai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/106715Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T21:23:07.814734Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicans
title Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicans
spellingShingle Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicans
Roxo, Mariana
title_short Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicans
title_full Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicans
title_fullStr Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicans
title_full_unstemmed Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicans
title_sort Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the endangered aromatic plant Thymus albicans
author Roxo, Mariana
author_facet Roxo, Mariana
Zuzarte, Mónica
Gonçalves, Maria José
Silva, Jorge M. Alves
Cavaleiro, Carlos
Cruz, Maria Teresa
Salgueiro, Lígia
author_role author
author2 Zuzarte, Mónica
Gonçalves, Maria José
Silva, Jorge M. Alves
Cavaleiro, Carlos
Cruz, Maria Teresa
Salgueiro, Lígia
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Roxo, Mariana
Zuzarte, Mónica
Gonçalves, Maria José
Silva, Jorge M. Alves
Cavaleiro, Carlos
Cruz, Maria Teresa
Salgueiro, Lígia
description Thymus albicans is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula with a vulnerable conservation status. In an attempt to contribute to the valorization of this species, the present study brings new insights on the antifungal and anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of T. albicans essential oil. The antifungal activity of the oil and its major compounds was assessed for the first time against standard and clinically isolated strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi. The effect on the two major virulence factors of Candida albicans (germ tube formation and biofilm disruption) was considered in more detail. At 0.08 μL/mL, the oil inhibited C. albicans germ tube formation by more than 40% and decreased biofilm biomass at MIC values, thus pointing out its antivirulent potential. The anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil was investigated on LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) by evaluating the levels of several pro-inflammatory mediators, namely nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). T. albicans oil reduced the production of nitrites, a NO derived sub-product, at non-cytotoxic concentrations of 0.32 and 0.64 μL/mL, by 27 and 41%, respectively. In addition, the iNOS protein levels of essential oil pre-treated cells were reduced by 14%. Overall, the high essential oil yield of T. albicans as well as its bioactive effects at concentrations without cytotoxicity, encourage further studies on the potential pharmacological applications of this species. Furthermore, these results raise awareness for the need to preserve endangered species that may hold relevant medicinal value.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-11-02
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106715
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106715
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75244-w
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75244-w
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