Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Flantua, Suzette G. A.
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Payne, Davnah, Borregaard, Michael K., Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Dullinger, Stefan, Essl, Franz, Irl, Severin D. H., Kienle, David, Kreft, Holger, Lenzner, Bernd, Norder, Sietze, Rijsdijk, Kenneth F., Rumpf, Sabine B., Weigelt, Patrick, Field, Richard
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10451/44213
Resumo: AIM: Mountains and islands are both well known for their high endemism. To explain this similarity, parallels have been drawn between the insularity of "true islands" (land surrounded by water) and the isolation of habitats within mountains (so-called "mountain islands"). However, parallels rarely go much beyond the observation that mountaintops are isolated from one another, as are true islands. Here, we challenge the analogy between mountains and true islands by re-evaluating the literature, focusing on isolation (the prime mechanism underlying species endemism by restricting gene flow) from a dynamic perspective over space and time. FRAMEWORK: We base our conceptualization of "isolation" on the arguments that no biological system is completely isolated; instead, isolation has multiple spatial and temporal dimensions relating to biological and environmental processes. We distinguish four key dimensions of isolation: (a) environmental difference from surroundings; (b) geographical distance to equivalent environment [points (a) and (b) are combined as "snapshot isolation"]; (c) continuity of isolation in space and time; and (d) total time over which isolation has been present [points (c) and (d) are combined as "isolation history"]. We evaluate the importance of each dimension in different types of mountains and true islands, demonstrating that substantial differences exist in the nature of isolation between and within each type. In particular, different types differ in their initial isolation and in the dynamic trajectories they follow, with distinct phases of varying isolation that interact with species traits over time to form present-day patterns of endemism. CONCLUSIONS: Our spatio-temporal definition of isolation suggests that the analogy between true islands and mountain islands masks important variation of isolation over long time-scales. Our understanding of endemism in isolated systems can be greatly enriched if the dynamic spatio-temporal dimensions of isolation enter models as explanatory variables and if these models account for the trajectories of the history of a system.
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spelling Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemismEndemic SpeciesFlickering Connectivity SystemGeological OntogenyGlacial–interglacial FluctuationsIsland BiogeographyIsolationMountain IslandsPalaeoclimatePast ConnectivitySky IslandsAIM: Mountains and islands are both well known for their high endemism. To explain this similarity, parallels have been drawn between the insularity of "true islands" (land surrounded by water) and the isolation of habitats within mountains (so-called "mountain islands"). However, parallels rarely go much beyond the observation that mountaintops are isolated from one another, as are true islands. Here, we challenge the analogy between mountains and true islands by re-evaluating the literature, focusing on isolation (the prime mechanism underlying species endemism by restricting gene flow) from a dynamic perspective over space and time. FRAMEWORK: We base our conceptualization of "isolation" on the arguments that no biological system is completely isolated; instead, isolation has multiple spatial and temporal dimensions relating to biological and environmental processes. We distinguish four key dimensions of isolation: (a) environmental difference from surroundings; (b) geographical distance to equivalent environment [points (a) and (b) are combined as "snapshot isolation"]; (c) continuity of isolation in space and time; and (d) total time over which isolation has been present [points (c) and (d) are combined as "isolation history"]. We evaluate the importance of each dimension in different types of mountains and true islands, demonstrating that substantial differences exist in the nature of isolation between and within each type. In particular, different types differ in their initial isolation and in the dynamic trajectories they follow, with distinct phases of varying isolation that interact with species traits over time to form present-day patterns of endemism. CONCLUSIONS: Our spatio-temporal definition of isolation suggests that the analogy between true islands and mountain islands masks important variation of isolation over long time-scales. Our understanding of endemism in isolated systems can be greatly enriched if the dynamic spatio-temporal dimensions of isolation enter models as explanatory variables and if these models account for the trajectories of the history of a system.Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography at University of Gottingen; The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, no. 2012/13248/ALW to H. Hooghiemstra); European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant (no. 741413, Humans on Planet Earth (HOPE); Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (no. 707968); Danish National Research Foundation for support of the Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate (no. DNRF96); Austrian Science Foundation (Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, FWF, no. I 3757-B29); Portuguese National Funds, through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013 and the research Fellowship PD/BD/114380/2016; Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (no. 641762).WileyRepositório da Universidade dos AçoresFlantua, Suzette G. A.Payne, DavnahBorregaard, Michael K.Beierkuhnlein, CarlSteinbauer, Manuel J.Dullinger, StefanEssl, FranzIrl, Severin D. H.Kienle, DavidKreft, HolgerLenzner, BerndNorder, SietzeRijsdijk, Kenneth F.Rumpf, Sabine B.Weigelt, PatrickField, Richard2021-03-15T12:42:02Z2020-082020-08-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/44213engFlantua, S. G.A., Payne, D., Borregaard, M.K., Beierkuhnlein, C., Steinbauer, M.J., Dullinger, S., Essl, F., Irl, S.D.H., Kienle, D., Kreft, H., Lenzner, B., Norder, S., Rijsdijk, K.F., Rumpf, S.B., Weigelt, P. & Field, R. (2020). Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism. “Global Ecology and Biogeography”, 29(10), 1651-1673. DOI:10.1111/geb.131551466-823810.1111/geb.13155000555293500001info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2022-12-20T14:34:09Zoai:repositorio.uac.pt:10400.3/5790Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:27:56.343203Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism
title Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism
spellingShingle Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism
Flantua, Suzette G. A.
Endemic Species
Flickering Connectivity System
Geological Ontogeny
Glacial–interglacial Fluctuations
Island Biogeography
Isolation
Mountain Islands
Palaeoclimate
Past Connectivity
Sky Islands
title_short Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism
title_full Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism
title_fullStr Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism
title_full_unstemmed Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism
title_sort Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism
author Flantua, Suzette G. A.
author_facet Flantua, Suzette G. A.
Payne, Davnah
Borregaard, Michael K.
Beierkuhnlein, Carl
Steinbauer, Manuel J.
Dullinger, Stefan
Essl, Franz
Irl, Severin D. H.
Kienle, David
Kreft, Holger
Lenzner, Bernd
Norder, Sietze
Rijsdijk, Kenneth F.
Rumpf, Sabine B.
Weigelt, Patrick
Field, Richard
author_role author
author2 Payne, Davnah
Borregaard, Michael K.
Beierkuhnlein, Carl
Steinbauer, Manuel J.
Dullinger, Stefan
Essl, Franz
Irl, Severin D. H.
Kienle, David
Kreft, Holger
Lenzner, Bernd
Norder, Sietze
Rijsdijk, Kenneth F.
Rumpf, Sabine B.
Weigelt, Patrick
Field, Richard
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Repositório da Universidade dos Açores
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Flantua, Suzette G. A.
Payne, Davnah
Borregaard, Michael K.
Beierkuhnlein, Carl
Steinbauer, Manuel J.
Dullinger, Stefan
Essl, Franz
Irl, Severin D. H.
Kienle, David
Kreft, Holger
Lenzner, Bernd
Norder, Sietze
Rijsdijk, Kenneth F.
Rumpf, Sabine B.
Weigelt, Patrick
Field, Richard
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Endemic Species
Flickering Connectivity System
Geological Ontogeny
Glacial–interglacial Fluctuations
Island Biogeography
Isolation
Mountain Islands
Palaeoclimate
Past Connectivity
Sky Islands
topic Endemic Species
Flickering Connectivity System
Geological Ontogeny
Glacial–interglacial Fluctuations
Island Biogeography
Isolation
Mountain Islands
Palaeoclimate
Past Connectivity
Sky Islands
description AIM: Mountains and islands are both well known for their high endemism. To explain this similarity, parallels have been drawn between the insularity of "true islands" (land surrounded by water) and the isolation of habitats within mountains (so-called "mountain islands"). However, parallels rarely go much beyond the observation that mountaintops are isolated from one another, as are true islands. Here, we challenge the analogy between mountains and true islands by re-evaluating the literature, focusing on isolation (the prime mechanism underlying species endemism by restricting gene flow) from a dynamic perspective over space and time. FRAMEWORK: We base our conceptualization of "isolation" on the arguments that no biological system is completely isolated; instead, isolation has multiple spatial and temporal dimensions relating to biological and environmental processes. We distinguish four key dimensions of isolation: (a) environmental difference from surroundings; (b) geographical distance to equivalent environment [points (a) and (b) are combined as "snapshot isolation"]; (c) continuity of isolation in space and time; and (d) total time over which isolation has been present [points (c) and (d) are combined as "isolation history"]. We evaluate the importance of each dimension in different types of mountains and true islands, demonstrating that substantial differences exist in the nature of isolation between and within each type. In particular, different types differ in their initial isolation and in the dynamic trajectories they follow, with distinct phases of varying isolation that interact with species traits over time to form present-day patterns of endemism. CONCLUSIONS: Our spatio-temporal definition of isolation suggests that the analogy between true islands and mountain islands masks important variation of isolation over long time-scales. Our understanding of endemism in isolated systems can be greatly enriched if the dynamic spatio-temporal dimensions of isolation enter models as explanatory variables and if these models account for the trajectories of the history of a system.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-08
2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
2021-03-15T12:42:02Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10451/44213
url http://hdl.handle.net/10451/44213
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Flantua, S. G.A., Payne, D., Borregaard, M.K., Beierkuhnlein, C., Steinbauer, M.J., Dullinger, S., Essl, F., Irl, S.D.H., Kienle, D., Kreft, H., Lenzner, B., Norder, S., Rijsdijk, K.F., Rumpf, S.B., Weigelt, P. & Field, R. (2020). Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism. “Global Ecology and Biogeography”, 29(10), 1651-1673. DOI:10.1111/geb.13155
1466-8238
10.1111/geb.13155
000555293500001
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
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