Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Rosa, ME
Data de Publicação: 2023
Outros Autores: Ferreira, AM, Neves, CMSS, Almeida, MT, Barros, R, Cristovão, AC, Sousa, Ana Catarina, Reis, PM, Rebelo, LPN, Esperança, JMSS, Coutinho, JAP, Freire, MG
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10174/35028
https://doi.org/Rosa ME, Ferreira AM, Neves CMSS, Almeida MR, Barros R, Cristovão AC, Sousa ACA, Reis PM, Rebelo LPN, Esperança JMSS, Coutinho JAP, Freire MG (2023) Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems. Green Chemistry http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04480C
https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04480C
Resumo: Globally, up to 50% of root crops, fruits and vegetables produced is wasted. Beetroot stems and leaves fit into this scenario, with only a small fraction being used in cattle food. One way of approaching this problem is through their valorisation, by extracting and recovering valuable compounds present in this type of waste that could be used in other applications, while contributing towards a circular economy. In this work, a new integrated process using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) and polypropyleneglycol 400 g mol−1 (PPG) is shown to allow the one-step extraction and separation of two pigment classes—betalains and chlorophylls—from red beet stems and leaves. The pigment extraction was carried out with a monophasic aqueous solution of the IL and PPG, whose phase separation was then achieved by a temperature switch, resulting in the simultaneous separation of chlorophylls and betalains into opposite phases. A central composite design was used to optimise the extraction parameters (time, temperature, and solid : liquid (S/L) ratio) of both pigment extraction yields, reaching at 20 °C, 70 min and a S/L ratio of 0.12 a maximum extraction yield of 6.67 wt% for betalains and 1.82 wt% for chlorophylls (per weight of biomass). Moreover, it is shown that aqueous solutions of ILs better stabilise betalains than the gold standard solvent used for the extraction method. Among the studied systems, the ABS comprising the IL N-ethyl-N-methyl-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) bromide ([N21(2OH)(2OH)]Br) presented the best separation performance, with an extraction efficiency of 92% and 95% for chlorophylls and betalains, respectively, for opposite phases. The pigments were removed from the respective phases using affinity resins, with high recoveries: 96% for betalains and 98% for chlorophylls, further allowing the IL reuse. Finally, the cyto- and ecotoxicities of the quaternary ammonium-based ILs were determined. The obtained results disclosed low to negligible toxicity in the thousands of mg L−1 range, with [N21(2OH)(2OH)]Br being harmless from an ecotoxicological point of view. Overall, it is shown here that the developed process is an innovative approach for the one-step extraction and selective separation of pigments contributing to the valorisation of waste biomass.
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spelling Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systemsGlobally, up to 50% of root crops, fruits and vegetables produced is wasted. Beetroot stems and leaves fit into this scenario, with only a small fraction being used in cattle food. One way of approaching this problem is through their valorisation, by extracting and recovering valuable compounds present in this type of waste that could be used in other applications, while contributing towards a circular economy. In this work, a new integrated process using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) and polypropyleneglycol 400 g mol−1 (PPG) is shown to allow the one-step extraction and separation of two pigment classes—betalains and chlorophylls—from red beet stems and leaves. The pigment extraction was carried out with a monophasic aqueous solution of the IL and PPG, whose phase separation was then achieved by a temperature switch, resulting in the simultaneous separation of chlorophylls and betalains into opposite phases. A central composite design was used to optimise the extraction parameters (time, temperature, and solid : liquid (S/L) ratio) of both pigment extraction yields, reaching at 20 °C, 70 min and a S/L ratio of 0.12 a maximum extraction yield of 6.67 wt% for betalains and 1.82 wt% for chlorophylls (per weight of biomass). Moreover, it is shown that aqueous solutions of ILs better stabilise betalains than the gold standard solvent used for the extraction method. Among the studied systems, the ABS comprising the IL N-ethyl-N-methyl-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) bromide ([N21(2OH)(2OH)]Br) presented the best separation performance, with an extraction efficiency of 92% and 95% for chlorophylls and betalains, respectively, for opposite phases. The pigments were removed from the respective phases using affinity resins, with high recoveries: 96% for betalains and 98% for chlorophylls, further allowing the IL reuse. Finally, the cyto- and ecotoxicities of the quaternary ammonium-based ILs were determined. The obtained results disclosed low to negligible toxicity in the thousands of mg L−1 range, with [N21(2OH)(2OH)]Br being harmless from an ecotoxicological point of view. Overall, it is shown here that the developed process is an innovative approach for the one-step extraction and selective separation of pigments contributing to the valorisation of waste biomass.Green Chemistry2023-05-15T10:29:19Z2023-05-152023-01-30T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/35028https://doi.org/Rosa ME, Ferreira AM, Neves CMSS, Almeida MR, Barros R, Cristovão AC, Sousa ACA, Reis PM, Rebelo LPN, Esperança JMSS, Coutinho JAP, Freire MG (2023) Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems. Green Chemistry http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04480Chttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/35028https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04480Cenghttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/GC/D2GC04480CDBIOndndndndndndacsousa@uevora.ptndndndndnd437Rosa, MEFerreira, AMNeves, CMSSAlmeida, MTBarros, RCristovão, ACSousa, Ana CatarinaReis, PMRebelo, LPNEsperança, JMSSCoutinho, JAPFreire, MGinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-01-03T19:37:57Zoai:dspace.uevora.pt:10174/35028Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T01:23:25.760177Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems
title Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems
spellingShingle Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems
Rosa, ME
title_short Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems
title_full Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems
title_fullStr Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems
title_full_unstemmed Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems
title_sort Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems
author Rosa, ME
author_facet Rosa, ME
Ferreira, AM
Neves, CMSS
Almeida, MT
Barros, R
Cristovão, AC
Sousa, Ana Catarina
Reis, PM
Rebelo, LPN
Esperança, JMSS
Coutinho, JAP
Freire, MG
author_role author
author2 Ferreira, AM
Neves, CMSS
Almeida, MT
Barros, R
Cristovão, AC
Sousa, Ana Catarina
Reis, PM
Rebelo, LPN
Esperança, JMSS
Coutinho, JAP
Freire, MG
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Rosa, ME
Ferreira, AM
Neves, CMSS
Almeida, MT
Barros, R
Cristovão, AC
Sousa, Ana Catarina
Reis, PM
Rebelo, LPN
Esperança, JMSS
Coutinho, JAP
Freire, MG
description Globally, up to 50% of root crops, fruits and vegetables produced is wasted. Beetroot stems and leaves fit into this scenario, with only a small fraction being used in cattle food. One way of approaching this problem is through their valorisation, by extracting and recovering valuable compounds present in this type of waste that could be used in other applications, while contributing towards a circular economy. In this work, a new integrated process using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) and polypropyleneglycol 400 g mol−1 (PPG) is shown to allow the one-step extraction and separation of two pigment classes—betalains and chlorophylls—from red beet stems and leaves. The pigment extraction was carried out with a monophasic aqueous solution of the IL and PPG, whose phase separation was then achieved by a temperature switch, resulting in the simultaneous separation of chlorophylls and betalains into opposite phases. A central composite design was used to optimise the extraction parameters (time, temperature, and solid : liquid (S/L) ratio) of both pigment extraction yields, reaching at 20 °C, 70 min and a S/L ratio of 0.12 a maximum extraction yield of 6.67 wt% for betalains and 1.82 wt% for chlorophylls (per weight of biomass). Moreover, it is shown that aqueous solutions of ILs better stabilise betalains than the gold standard solvent used for the extraction method. Among the studied systems, the ABS comprising the IL N-ethyl-N-methyl-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) bromide ([N21(2OH)(2OH)]Br) presented the best separation performance, with an extraction efficiency of 92% and 95% for chlorophylls and betalains, respectively, for opposite phases. The pigments were removed from the respective phases using affinity resins, with high recoveries: 96% for betalains and 98% for chlorophylls, further allowing the IL reuse. Finally, the cyto- and ecotoxicities of the quaternary ammonium-based ILs were determined. The obtained results disclosed low to negligible toxicity in the thousands of mg L−1 range, with [N21(2OH)(2OH)]Br being harmless from an ecotoxicological point of view. Overall, it is shown here that the developed process is an innovative approach for the one-step extraction and selective separation of pigments contributing to the valorisation of waste biomass.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-05-15T10:29:19Z
2023-05-15
2023-01-30T00:00:00Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10174/35028
https://doi.org/Rosa ME, Ferreira AM, Neves CMSS, Almeida MR, Barros R, Cristovão AC, Sousa ACA, Reis PM, Rebelo LPN, Esperança JMSS, Coutinho JAP, Freire MG (2023) Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems. Green Chemistry http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04480C
http://hdl.handle.net/10174/35028
https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04480C
url http://hdl.handle.net/10174/35028
https://doi.org/Rosa ME, Ferreira AM, Neves CMSS, Almeida MR, Barros R, Cristovão AC, Sousa ACA, Reis PM, Rebelo LPN, Esperança JMSS, Coutinho JAP, Freire MG (2023) Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems. Green Chemistry http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04480C
https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04480C
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/GC/D2GC04480C
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