Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Alves, Célia
Data de Publicação: 2013
Outros Autores: Nunes, Teresa, Silva, Joana, Duarte, Márcio
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23840
Resumo: In January 2012, one kindergarten and eight elementary school classrooms were monitored. The campaign included simultaneous measurements, indoors and outdoors, of comfort parameters, CO, CO<inf>2</inf> and particles. Automatic monitors using a light scattering technique were employed to measure PM<inf>10</inf> continuously. During occupied periods, low volume samplers were used to daily collect PM<inf>2.5</inf> samples, which were subsequently analysed for carbonates, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water soluble inorganic ions. With regard to comfort, the schools did not meet the recommended levels in many rooms. Indoor-outdoor CO<inf>2</inf> ratios between 3 and 12, and indoor levels much higher than 1000 ppm during the occupied periods, indicate the highly inadequate ventilation in these locations. The results clearly demonstrate that there is a high level of exposure to particulate matter in these schools. The continuous measurements of PM<inf>10</inf> suggest that the physical activity of pupils, which is assumed to be more marked in younger children, contributes to a constant process of resuspension of sedimented particles. In addition, peak PM<inf>10</inf> concentrations coincident with cleaning activities suggest the need to change certain practices to improve cleanliness. Around 40% of the PM<inf>2.5</inf> mass is composed of carbonaceous matter, with 4-5 times higher OC mass fractions than EC. It was observed that both OC and EC were significantly influenced by indoor sources. Water-soluble inorganic ions represented around 10-20% of the PM<inf>2.5</inf> mass measured in classrooms. Excluding calcium, in general the ionic species were present at indoor-outdoor ratios of less than 1, suggesting the major origin in the outdoor air.
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spelling Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor airAir exchange ratesIndoor air qualityOC/ECPM10PM2.5Water soluble ionsIn January 2012, one kindergarten and eight elementary school classrooms were monitored. The campaign included simultaneous measurements, indoors and outdoors, of comfort parameters, CO, CO<inf>2</inf> and particles. Automatic monitors using a light scattering technique were employed to measure PM<inf>10</inf> continuously. During occupied periods, low volume samplers were used to daily collect PM<inf>2.5</inf> samples, which were subsequently analysed for carbonates, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water soluble inorganic ions. With regard to comfort, the schools did not meet the recommended levels in many rooms. Indoor-outdoor CO<inf>2</inf> ratios between 3 and 12, and indoor levels much higher than 1000 ppm during the occupied periods, indicate the highly inadequate ventilation in these locations. The results clearly demonstrate that there is a high level of exposure to particulate matter in these schools. The continuous measurements of PM<inf>10</inf> suggest that the physical activity of pupils, which is assumed to be more marked in younger children, contributes to a constant process of resuspension of sedimented particles. In addition, peak PM<inf>10</inf> concentrations coincident with cleaning activities suggest the need to change certain practices to improve cleanliness. Around 40% of the PM<inf>2.5</inf> mass is composed of carbonaceous matter, with 4-5 times higher OC mass fractions than EC. It was observed that both OC and EC were significantly influenced by indoor sources. Water-soluble inorganic ions represented around 10-20% of the PM<inf>2.5</inf> mass measured in classrooms. Excluding calcium, in general the ionic species were present at indoor-outdoor ratios of less than 1, suggesting the major origin in the outdoor air.Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research2018-07-13T15:28:02Z2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10773/23840eng1680-858410.4209/aaqr.2012.11.0321Alves, CéliaNunes, TeresaSilva, JoanaDuarte, Márcioinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-22T11:45:50Zoai:ria.ua.pt:10773/23840Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:57:15.945097Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air
title Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air
spellingShingle Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air
Alves, Célia
Air exchange rates
Indoor air quality
OC/EC
PM10
PM2.5
Water soluble ions
title_short Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air
title_full Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air
title_fullStr Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air
title_full_unstemmed Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air
title_sort Comfort parameters and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air
author Alves, Célia
author_facet Alves, Célia
Nunes, Teresa
Silva, Joana
Duarte, Márcio
author_role author
author2 Nunes, Teresa
Silva, Joana
Duarte, Márcio
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Alves, Célia
Nunes, Teresa
Silva, Joana
Duarte, Márcio
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Air exchange rates
Indoor air quality
OC/EC
PM10
PM2.5
Water soluble ions
topic Air exchange rates
Indoor air quality
OC/EC
PM10
PM2.5
Water soluble ions
description In January 2012, one kindergarten and eight elementary school classrooms were monitored. The campaign included simultaneous measurements, indoors and outdoors, of comfort parameters, CO, CO<inf>2</inf> and particles. Automatic monitors using a light scattering technique were employed to measure PM<inf>10</inf> continuously. During occupied periods, low volume samplers were used to daily collect PM<inf>2.5</inf> samples, which were subsequently analysed for carbonates, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water soluble inorganic ions. With regard to comfort, the schools did not meet the recommended levels in many rooms. Indoor-outdoor CO<inf>2</inf> ratios between 3 and 12, and indoor levels much higher than 1000 ppm during the occupied periods, indicate the highly inadequate ventilation in these locations. The results clearly demonstrate that there is a high level of exposure to particulate matter in these schools. The continuous measurements of PM<inf>10</inf> suggest that the physical activity of pupils, which is assumed to be more marked in younger children, contributes to a constant process of resuspension of sedimented particles. In addition, peak PM<inf>10</inf> concentrations coincident with cleaning activities suggest the need to change certain practices to improve cleanliness. Around 40% of the PM<inf>2.5</inf> mass is composed of carbonaceous matter, with 4-5 times higher OC mass fractions than EC. It was observed that both OC and EC were significantly influenced by indoor sources. Water-soluble inorganic ions represented around 10-20% of the PM<inf>2.5</inf> mass measured in classrooms. Excluding calcium, in general the ionic species were present at indoor-outdoor ratios of less than 1, suggesting the major origin in the outdoor air.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
2013
2018-07-13T15:28:02Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23840
url http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23840
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 1680-8584
10.4209/aaqr.2012.11.0321
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
instname_str Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron_str RCAAP
institution RCAAP
reponame_str Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
collection Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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