The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Morais, J.E.
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Sanders, Ross H., Papic, Christopher, Barbosa, Tiago M., Marinho, D.A.
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10198/23022
Resumo: Purpose The aims of this study were to 1) compare active drag (D-a) calculation between a single land-based measurement of frontal surface area (FSA) and in-water FSA measures obtained at key events of the arm pull (1, right upper-limb catch; 2, right upper-limb insweep; 3, right upper-limb exit and left upper-limb catch; 4, left upper-limb insweep; and 5, left upper-limb exit and right upper-limb catch) at front crawl swimming, and 2) compare mechanical power variables computed based on these two approaches. Methods Seventeen swimmers (11, male; 6, female; 16.15 +/- 0.94 yr old) were recruited. The FSA was measured based on two approaches: (i) nonvariation, that is, assuming a constant value, and (ii) variation, that is, calculated in each key event of the front crawl swim. Active drag based on a nonvariation of the FSA was measured using the Velocity Perturbation method. Active drag based on a variation approach was measured in each key event of the front crawl according to the law of linear motion. Pairedt-test (P <= 0.05), simple linear regression models, and Bland-Altman plots between assessment methods (variation vs nonvariation) were computed. Results The FSA (variation) was higher than when assuming a nonvariation (0.1110 +/- 0.010 vs 0.0968 +/- 0.010 m(2), Delta = 15.69%,t= 4.40,P< 0.001,d= 0.95). Active drag (variation) was also significantly higher than when assuming a nonvariation (88.44 +/- 25.92 vs 75.41 +/- 15.11 N, Delta = 16.09%,t= 3.66,P= 0.002,d= 0.61). Conclusions Besides the FSA, swim velocity also changes during the front crawl arm pull. The variation of both variables had a significant effect on the active drag measurement and consequently on mechanical power and total power input variables.
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spelling The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active dragSwimmingUnderwater CamerasDragPurpose The aims of this study were to 1) compare active drag (D-a) calculation between a single land-based measurement of frontal surface area (FSA) and in-water FSA measures obtained at key events of the arm pull (1, right upper-limb catch; 2, right upper-limb insweep; 3, right upper-limb exit and left upper-limb catch; 4, left upper-limb insweep; and 5, left upper-limb exit and right upper-limb catch) at front crawl swimming, and 2) compare mechanical power variables computed based on these two approaches. Methods Seventeen swimmers (11, male; 6, female; 16.15 +/- 0.94 yr old) were recruited. The FSA was measured based on two approaches: (i) nonvariation, that is, assuming a constant value, and (ii) variation, that is, calculated in each key event of the front crawl swim. Active drag based on a nonvariation of the FSA was measured using the Velocity Perturbation method. Active drag based on a variation approach was measured in each key event of the front crawl according to the law of linear motion. Pairedt-test (P <= 0.05), simple linear regression models, and Bland-Altman plots between assessment methods (variation vs nonvariation) were computed. Results The FSA (variation) was higher than when assuming a nonvariation (0.1110 +/- 0.010 vs 0.0968 +/- 0.010 m(2), Delta = 15.69%,t= 4.40,P< 0.001,d= 0.95). Active drag (variation) was also significantly higher than when assuming a nonvariation (88.44 +/- 25.92 vs 75.41 +/- 15.11 N, Delta = 16.09%,t= 3.66,P= 0.002,d= 0.61). Conclusions Besides the FSA, swim velocity also changes during the front crawl arm pull. The variation of both variables had a significant effect on the active drag measurement and consequently on mechanical power and total power input variables.This work is supported by national funds (FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the project UIDB/04045/2020. There were no conflicts of interests. The results of this study do not constitute endorsement by the American College of Sports Medicine. The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.Lippincott Williams & WilkinsBiblioteca Digital do IPBMorais, J.E.Sanders, Ross H.Papic, ChristopherBarbosa, Tiago M.Marinho, D.A.2021-01-04T16:21:46Z20202020-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/23022engMorais, J.E.; Sanders, Ross H.; Papic, Christopher; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Marinho, D.A. (2020). The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. ISSN 0195-9131. 52:11, p. 2357-23640195-913110.1249/MSS.0000000000002400info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-11-21T10:51:02Zoai:bibliotecadigital.ipb.pt:10198/23022Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T23:13:55.849420Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag
title The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag
spellingShingle The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag
Morais, J.E.
Swimming
Underwater Cameras
Drag
title_short The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag
title_full The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag
title_fullStr The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag
title_full_unstemmed The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag
title_sort The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag
author Morais, J.E.
author_facet Morais, J.E.
Sanders, Ross H.
Papic, Christopher
Barbosa, Tiago M.
Marinho, D.A.
author_role author
author2 Sanders, Ross H.
Papic, Christopher
Barbosa, Tiago M.
Marinho, D.A.
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital do IPB
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Morais, J.E.
Sanders, Ross H.
Papic, Christopher
Barbosa, Tiago M.
Marinho, D.A.
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Swimming
Underwater Cameras
Drag
topic Swimming
Underwater Cameras
Drag
description Purpose The aims of this study were to 1) compare active drag (D-a) calculation between a single land-based measurement of frontal surface area (FSA) and in-water FSA measures obtained at key events of the arm pull (1, right upper-limb catch; 2, right upper-limb insweep; 3, right upper-limb exit and left upper-limb catch; 4, left upper-limb insweep; and 5, left upper-limb exit and right upper-limb catch) at front crawl swimming, and 2) compare mechanical power variables computed based on these two approaches. Methods Seventeen swimmers (11, male; 6, female; 16.15 +/- 0.94 yr old) were recruited. The FSA was measured based on two approaches: (i) nonvariation, that is, assuming a constant value, and (ii) variation, that is, calculated in each key event of the front crawl swim. Active drag based on a nonvariation of the FSA was measured using the Velocity Perturbation method. Active drag based on a variation approach was measured in each key event of the front crawl according to the law of linear motion. Pairedt-test (P <= 0.05), simple linear regression models, and Bland-Altman plots between assessment methods (variation vs nonvariation) were computed. Results The FSA (variation) was higher than when assuming a nonvariation (0.1110 +/- 0.010 vs 0.0968 +/- 0.010 m(2), Delta = 15.69%,t= 4.40,P< 0.001,d= 0.95). Active drag (variation) was also significantly higher than when assuming a nonvariation (88.44 +/- 25.92 vs 75.41 +/- 15.11 N, Delta = 16.09%,t= 3.66,P= 0.002,d= 0.61). Conclusions Besides the FSA, swim velocity also changes during the front crawl arm pull. The variation of both variables had a significant effect on the active drag measurement and consequently on mechanical power and total power input variables.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
2021-01-04T16:21:46Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10198/23022
url http://hdl.handle.net/10198/23022
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Morais, J.E.; Sanders, Ross H.; Papic, Christopher; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Marinho, D.A. (2020). The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. ISSN 0195-9131. 52:11, p. 2357-2364
0195-9131
10.1249/MSS.0000000000002400
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
instname_str Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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