Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan area

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Marani,Luciano
Data de Publicação: 2006
Outros Autores: Alvalá,Plínio Carlos, Kirchhoff,Volker Walter Johann Heinrich
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Revista Brasileira de Geofísica (Online)
Texto Completo: http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-261X2006000400001
Resumo: A study of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons CCl3F (CFC-11) and CCl2F2 (CFC-12) was performed in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo - MRSP (23.5ºS; 46.6ºW) during 2002. For the quantitative determination of the CFC concentration, a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector (ECD) was optimized with relative precision of 1.0%. In the MRSP, the observations of CFC-12 showed that there are large spatial and temporal variations in their concentrations (540.1 to 1395.8 pptv), while the CFC-11 concentrations did not show any statistically significant variation. Daily samplings were performed in June, July, August, September, November and December and showed that the emissions of CFC-12 were concentrated on weekdays (Monday to Friday), relating the emissions of this gas with its use in air conditioning and refrigeration systems of commercial and industrial buildings. The spatial variation observed in monthly campaigns in MRSP (April, May, June, July, August and September) and their matching with the predominant local wind direction evidencing the existence of a source region of CFC-12, located in the central area of the city. These results are indicative that emissions of CFC-12 are still significant. The monitoring of the mixing ratios of these gases in large cities like São Paulo can add to evaluate how the countries are following the Montreal Protocol, which restricts the production and trading of CFCs in developing countries, and schedule their banishment to 2010.
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spelling Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan areaChlorofluorocarbonsurban emissionatmospheric pollutionseasonal cycleMontreal protocolA study of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons CCl3F (CFC-11) and CCl2F2 (CFC-12) was performed in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo - MRSP (23.5ºS; 46.6ºW) during 2002. For the quantitative determination of the CFC concentration, a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector (ECD) was optimized with relative precision of 1.0%. In the MRSP, the observations of CFC-12 showed that there are large spatial and temporal variations in their concentrations (540.1 to 1395.8 pptv), while the CFC-11 concentrations did not show any statistically significant variation. Daily samplings were performed in June, July, August, September, November and December and showed that the emissions of CFC-12 were concentrated on weekdays (Monday to Friday), relating the emissions of this gas with its use in air conditioning and refrigeration systems of commercial and industrial buildings. The spatial variation observed in monthly campaigns in MRSP (April, May, June, July, August and September) and their matching with the predominant local wind direction evidencing the existence of a source region of CFC-12, located in the central area of the city. These results are indicative that emissions of CFC-12 are still significant. The monitoring of the mixing ratios of these gases in large cities like São Paulo can add to evaluate how the countries are following the Montreal Protocol, which restricts the production and trading of CFCs in developing countries, and schedule their banishment to 2010.Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica2006-12-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-261X2006000400001Revista Brasileira de Geofísica v.24 n.4 2006reponame:Revista Brasileira de Geofísica (Online)instname:Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica (SBG)instacron:SBG10.1590/S0102-261X2006000400001info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMarani,LucianoAlvalá,Plínio CarlosKirchhoff,Volker Walter Johann Heinricheng2007-10-01T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S0102-261X2006000400001Revistahttp://www.scielo.br/rbgONGhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||sbgf@sbgf.org.br1809-45110102-261Xopendoar:2007-10-01T00:00Revista Brasileira de Geofísica (Online) - Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica (SBG)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan area
title Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan area
spellingShingle Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan area
Marani,Luciano
Chlorofluorocarbons
urban emission
atmospheric pollution
seasonal cycle
Montreal protocol
title_short Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan area
title_full Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan area
title_fullStr Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan area
title_full_unstemmed Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan area
title_sort Residual emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the São Paulo metropolitan area
author Marani,Luciano
author_facet Marani,Luciano
Alvalá,Plínio Carlos
Kirchhoff,Volker Walter Johann Heinrich
author_role author
author2 Alvalá,Plínio Carlos
Kirchhoff,Volker Walter Johann Heinrich
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Marani,Luciano
Alvalá,Plínio Carlos
Kirchhoff,Volker Walter Johann Heinrich
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Chlorofluorocarbons
urban emission
atmospheric pollution
seasonal cycle
Montreal protocol
topic Chlorofluorocarbons
urban emission
atmospheric pollution
seasonal cycle
Montreal protocol
description A study of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons CCl3F (CFC-11) and CCl2F2 (CFC-12) was performed in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo - MRSP (23.5ºS; 46.6ºW) during 2002. For the quantitative determination of the CFC concentration, a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector (ECD) was optimized with relative precision of 1.0%. In the MRSP, the observations of CFC-12 showed that there are large spatial and temporal variations in their concentrations (540.1 to 1395.8 pptv), while the CFC-11 concentrations did not show any statistically significant variation. Daily samplings were performed in June, July, August, September, November and December and showed that the emissions of CFC-12 were concentrated on weekdays (Monday to Friday), relating the emissions of this gas with its use in air conditioning and refrigeration systems of commercial and industrial buildings. The spatial variation observed in monthly campaigns in MRSP (April, May, June, July, August and September) and their matching with the predominant local wind direction evidencing the existence of a source region of CFC-12, located in the central area of the city. These results are indicative that emissions of CFC-12 are still significant. The monitoring of the mixing ratios of these gases in large cities like São Paulo can add to evaluate how the countries are following the Montreal Protocol, which restricts the production and trading of CFCs in developing countries, and schedule their banishment to 2010.
publishDate 2006
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2006-12-01
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-261X2006000400001
url http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-261X2006000400001
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 10.1590/S0102-261X2006000400001
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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dc.format.none.fl_str_mv text/html
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Revista Brasileira de Geofísica v.24 n.4 2006
reponame:Revista Brasileira de Geofísica (Online)
instname:Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica (SBG)
instacron:SBG
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institution SBG
reponame_str Revista Brasileira de Geofísica (Online)
collection Revista Brasileira de Geofísica (Online)
repository.name.fl_str_mv Revista Brasileira de Geofísica (Online) - Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica (SBG)
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