Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine |
Texto Completo: | https://rbmv.org/BJVM/article/view/943 |
Resumo: | Trypanosoma vivax is the most pathogenic ruminant’s hemoparasite, causing huge economic losses to the producer when prevalent in the herd. This study aims to characterize the trypanosomiasis in naturally infected cattle in order to assess the clinical findings, epidemiological risk factors and diagnosis of this disease in outbreaks occurred in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, historical and clinical examinations, blood collection and clinical monitoring were performed in 109 animals presenting illness for a period of one year. The main clinical findings were fever, apathy, anorexia, diarrhea, progressive weight loss, lymphadenopathy, pale mucous, incoordination, aggressiveness, abortion, decrease in milk production and high mortality. Out of 109 animals, 94% (103/109) were seropositive to Trypanosoma vivax by ELISA, 92% (100/109) were seropositive for IFAT, 15% (17/109) were positive in conventional PCR assay based on cathepsine L gene, and 9% (10/109) were showed the presence of Trypanosoma vivax trypomastigotes in stained-blood smears. In 13 samples, blood counts revealed that 69.23% (9/13) showed normocytic normochromic anemia and 53.84% (7/13) had leukocytosis, in 46.15% (6/13) neutrophilia and shift left regenerative. In 72 samples also examined whether it hematocrit, plasma protein and fibrinogen. Hematocrit presented average 22% (10% to 37%) to plasma protein had a mean value of 7.55 g/dl (5.4 g/dl to 10.0 g/dl) and plasma fibrinogen had a mean value 700mg/dl (200mg/dl to 1600mg/dl). The sequencing of DNA samples revealed 100% identicalness to T. vivax by BLAST analysis. The main factors involved in the spread of the disease were: the ingress of animals without prior tests and quarantine in the properties, application of oxytocin with sharing needles contaminated by blood at the time of lactation and the restriction of the disease in the lactation herd. The transmission of T. vivax occurred with the sharing of needles among animal’s lactation during application of oxytocin after the entry of carrier animals in the herd. Serological tests demonstrated a high rate of seropositive animals, however, conventional PCR and blood smear revealed a low rate positive animal’s because the animals were already being treated with trypanocide drugs. It is concluded that trypanosomiasis is a disease to be considered in the cattle regions studied as the cause of outbreaks. Hygienic and security actions must be taken during the administration of oxytocin in lactating cows. In fact, this practice, when carried incorrectly and without hygienic criterions and sharing needles, may play a role as the main risk factor in the transmission of trypanosomiasis in dairy herds among regions where the disease is prevalent, increasing the challenge of reinfection of animals. |
id |
SBMV-1_ead07918d9be671c8c04106c3810b5aa |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:ojs.rbmv.org:article/943 |
network_acronym_str |
SBMV-1 |
network_name_str |
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine |
repository_id_str |
|
spelling |
Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, BrazilDiagnóstico, aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de bovinos leiteiros naturalmente infectados por Trypanosoma vivax nos estados de Pernambuco e Alagoas, Brasildiagnóstico, doença, ruminante, Trypanosoma vivax .portuguesTrypanosoma vivax is the most pathogenic ruminant’s hemoparasite, causing huge economic losses to the producer when prevalent in the herd. This study aims to characterize the trypanosomiasis in naturally infected cattle in order to assess the clinical findings, epidemiological risk factors and diagnosis of this disease in outbreaks occurred in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, historical and clinical examinations, blood collection and clinical monitoring were performed in 109 animals presenting illness for a period of one year. The main clinical findings were fever, apathy, anorexia, diarrhea, progressive weight loss, lymphadenopathy, pale mucous, incoordination, aggressiveness, abortion, decrease in milk production and high mortality. Out of 109 animals, 94% (103/109) were seropositive to Trypanosoma vivax by ELISA, 92% (100/109) were seropositive for IFAT, 15% (17/109) were positive in conventional PCR assay based on cathepsine L gene, and 9% (10/109) were showed the presence of Trypanosoma vivax trypomastigotes in stained-blood smears. In 13 samples, blood counts revealed that 69.23% (9/13) showed normocytic normochromic anemia and 53.84% (7/13) had leukocytosis, in 46.15% (6/13) neutrophilia and shift left regenerative. In 72 samples also examined whether it hematocrit, plasma protein and fibrinogen. Hematocrit presented average 22% (10% to 37%) to plasma protein had a mean value of 7.55 g/dl (5.4 g/dl to 10.0 g/dl) and plasma fibrinogen had a mean value 700mg/dl (200mg/dl to 1600mg/dl). The sequencing of DNA samples revealed 100% identicalness to T. vivax by BLAST analysis. The main factors involved in the spread of the disease were: the ingress of animals without prior tests and quarantine in the properties, application of oxytocin with sharing needles contaminated by blood at the time of lactation and the restriction of the disease in the lactation herd. The transmission of T. vivax occurred with the sharing of needles among animal’s lactation during application of oxytocin after the entry of carrier animals in the herd. Serological tests demonstrated a high rate of seropositive animals, however, conventional PCR and blood smear revealed a low rate positive animal’s because the animals were already being treated with trypanocide drugs. It is concluded that trypanosomiasis is a disease to be considered in the cattle regions studied as the cause of outbreaks. Hygienic and security actions must be taken during the administration of oxytocin in lactating cows. In fact, this practice, when carried incorrectly and without hygienic criterions and sharing needles, may play a role as the main risk factor in the transmission of trypanosomiasis in dairy herds among regions where the disease is prevalent, increasing the challenge of reinfection of animals.O Tripanosoma vivax é o hemoparasito mais patogênico para ruminantes, causando grandes perdas econômicas para o produtor quando prevalente no rebanho. Este trabalho se propõe a caracterizar a tripanossomose em bovinos através dos achados clínicos, fatores epidemiológicos de risco e diagnóstico dessa doença em surtos ocorridos no agreste pernambucano e alagoano, Brasil. Nas propriedades foram realizados levantamentos dos históricos e exames clínicos, coletas de sangue e acompanhamento clínico de 109 animais doentes por um período de um ano. Os achados clínicos foram: febre, apatia, anorexia, diarreia, emagrecimento progressivo, linfoadenomegalia, mucosas pálidas, incoordenação motora, agressividade, aborto, queda na produção de leite e alta mortalidade. Das 109 amostras utilizadas, 94% (103/109) foram soropositivas no ELISA, 92% (100/109) foram soropositivas para RIFI, 15% (17/109) positivas para PCR convencional e 9% (10/109) foram evidenciadas presença do Tripanosoma vivax no esfregaço sanguíneo. Em 13 amostras, foram realizados hemogramas o que revelou que 69,23% (9/13) apresentaram anemia normocítica normocromica e 53,84% (7/13) apresentaram leucocitose, em 46,15% (6/13) neutrofilia e desvio a esquerda regenerativo. Em 72 amostras analisou-se também o hematócrito, proteína plasmática e o fibrinogênio. O hematócrito, teve valor médio de 22% (10% a 37%), a proteína plasmática teve valor médio de 7,55 g/dl (5,4g/dl a 10,0g/dl) e o fibrinogênio plasmático teve valor médio de 700mg/dl (200mg/dl a 1600mg/dl). O sequenciamento das amostras de DNA revelou 100% de similaridade com T. vivax. Os principais fatores envolvidos na propagação da doença foram: a entrada de animais portadores do T. vivax nas propriedades sem exames prévios e quarentena, a aplicação de ocitocina com compartilhamento de agulhas contaminadas por sangue no momento da ordenha e a restrição da doença ao rebanho em lactação. Os testes sorológicos apresentaram uma melhor taxa de detecção de animais soropositivos, entretanto, o PCR e o esfregaço sanguíneo revelaram uma baixa taxa de detecção em virtude de os animais já estarem sendo medicados continuamente com drogas tripanocidas. Conclui-se que a tripanossomose é uma doença a ser considerada na bovinocultura das regiões estudadas como causadora dos surtos. Medidas higiênicas e de seguridade devem ser adotadas durante a administração de ocitocina nas vacas em lactação, sendo esta prática, quando realizada de forma errada e sem critérios higiênicos e com compartilhamento de agulhas, o principal fator de risco na transmissão da tripanossomose em rebanhos leiteiros em regiões onde a doença é prevalente, aumentando o desafio de reinfecções entre os animais.Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.2019-04-13info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpeer reviewedAvaliado pelos paresapplication/pdfhttps://rbmv.org/BJVM/article/view/94310.29374/2527-2179.bjvm094319Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine; Vol. 41 No. 1 (2019); e094319Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária; v. 41 n. 1 (2019); e0943192527-21790100-2430reponame:Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicineinstname:Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SOMVERJ)instacron:SBMVenghttps://rbmv.org/BJVM/article/view/943/804Copyright (c) 2019 Adony Querubino de Andrade Neto, Carla Lopes de Mendonça, Rodolfo José Cavalcanti Souto, Paulo Henrique Sampaio, Otávio Luiz Fidelis Junior, Marcos Rogério André, Rosangela Zacarias Machado, Jose Augusto Bastos Afonsoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAndrade Neto, Adony Querubino deMendonça, Carla Lopes deSouto, Rodolfo José CavalcantiSampaio, Paulo HenriqueJunior, Otávio Luiz FidelisAndré, Marcos RogérioMachado, Rosangela ZacariasAfonso, Jose Augusto Bastos2020-12-23T17:24:50Zoai:ojs.rbmv.org:article/943Revistahttps://rbmv.org/BJVMONGhttps://rbmv.org/BJVM/oaicontato.rbmv@gmail.com2527-21790100-2430opendoar:2020-12-23T17:24:50Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine - Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SOMVERJ)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil Diagnóstico, aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de bovinos leiteiros naturalmente infectados por Trypanosoma vivax nos estados de Pernambuco e Alagoas, Brasil |
title |
Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil Andrade Neto, Adony Querubino de diagnóstico, doença, ruminante, Trypanosoma vivax . portugues |
title_short |
Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil |
title_full |
Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil |
title_sort |
Diagnostic, Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of dairy cows naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil |
author |
Andrade Neto, Adony Querubino de |
author_facet |
Andrade Neto, Adony Querubino de Mendonça, Carla Lopes de Souto, Rodolfo José Cavalcanti Sampaio, Paulo Henrique Junior, Otávio Luiz Fidelis André, Marcos Rogério Machado, Rosangela Zacarias Afonso, Jose Augusto Bastos |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Mendonça, Carla Lopes de Souto, Rodolfo José Cavalcanti Sampaio, Paulo Henrique Junior, Otávio Luiz Fidelis André, Marcos Rogério Machado, Rosangela Zacarias Afonso, Jose Augusto Bastos |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Andrade Neto, Adony Querubino de Mendonça, Carla Lopes de Souto, Rodolfo José Cavalcanti Sampaio, Paulo Henrique Junior, Otávio Luiz Fidelis André, Marcos Rogério Machado, Rosangela Zacarias Afonso, Jose Augusto Bastos |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
diagnóstico, doença, ruminante, Trypanosoma vivax . portugues |
topic |
diagnóstico, doença, ruminante, Trypanosoma vivax . portugues |
description |
Trypanosoma vivax is the most pathogenic ruminant’s hemoparasite, causing huge economic losses to the producer when prevalent in the herd. This study aims to characterize the trypanosomiasis in naturally infected cattle in order to assess the clinical findings, epidemiological risk factors and diagnosis of this disease in outbreaks occurred in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, historical and clinical examinations, blood collection and clinical monitoring were performed in 109 animals presenting illness for a period of one year. The main clinical findings were fever, apathy, anorexia, diarrhea, progressive weight loss, lymphadenopathy, pale mucous, incoordination, aggressiveness, abortion, decrease in milk production and high mortality. Out of 109 animals, 94% (103/109) were seropositive to Trypanosoma vivax by ELISA, 92% (100/109) were seropositive for IFAT, 15% (17/109) were positive in conventional PCR assay based on cathepsine L gene, and 9% (10/109) were showed the presence of Trypanosoma vivax trypomastigotes in stained-blood smears. In 13 samples, blood counts revealed that 69.23% (9/13) showed normocytic normochromic anemia and 53.84% (7/13) had leukocytosis, in 46.15% (6/13) neutrophilia and shift left regenerative. In 72 samples also examined whether it hematocrit, plasma protein and fibrinogen. Hematocrit presented average 22% (10% to 37%) to plasma protein had a mean value of 7.55 g/dl (5.4 g/dl to 10.0 g/dl) and plasma fibrinogen had a mean value 700mg/dl (200mg/dl to 1600mg/dl). The sequencing of DNA samples revealed 100% identicalness to T. vivax by BLAST analysis. The main factors involved in the spread of the disease were: the ingress of animals without prior tests and quarantine in the properties, application of oxytocin with sharing needles contaminated by blood at the time of lactation and the restriction of the disease in the lactation herd. The transmission of T. vivax occurred with the sharing of needles among animal’s lactation during application of oxytocin after the entry of carrier animals in the herd. Serological tests demonstrated a high rate of seropositive animals, however, conventional PCR and blood smear revealed a low rate positive animal’s because the animals were already being treated with trypanocide drugs. It is concluded that trypanosomiasis is a disease to be considered in the cattle regions studied as the cause of outbreaks. Hygienic and security actions must be taken during the administration of oxytocin in lactating cows. In fact, this practice, when carried incorrectly and without hygienic criterions and sharing needles, may play a role as the main risk factor in the transmission of trypanosomiasis in dairy herds among regions where the disease is prevalent, increasing the challenge of reinfection of animals. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-04-13 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion peer reviewed Avaliado pelos pares |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://rbmv.org/BJVM/article/view/943 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm094319 |
url |
https://rbmv.org/BJVM/article/view/943 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm094319 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://rbmv.org/BJVM/article/view/943/804 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine; Vol. 41 No. 1 (2019); e094319 Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária; v. 41 n. 1 (2019); e094319 2527-2179 0100-2430 reponame:Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine instname:Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SOMVERJ) instacron:SBMV |
instname_str |
Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SOMVERJ) |
instacron_str |
SBMV |
institution |
SBMV |
reponame_str |
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine |
collection |
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine - Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SOMVERJ) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
contato.rbmv@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1798313110504734720 |