The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profiles
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 1997 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society (Online) |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50531997000500018 |
Resumo: | It have been described a general mechanism for the attack step of the reactions between nitrogen nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds to form a neutral tetrahedral addition intermediate. This general mechanism is based on the relative importance of the "concerted" hydronium-ion catalyzed attack of the nitrogen base on the carbonyl compound with respect to the "step wise" mechanism that involves the previous formation of a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate (T±) and the posterior proton transfer to it from the hydronium-ion. The relative importance of this pathway gives origin to three kinds of profile rates vs pH for these reactions. On the other hand, the importance of the "stepwise" mechanism was attributed to a dependence on the stability of the T± intermediate that is related to the pKa of the nitrogen base and the Kad (the equilibrium constant for the formation of the neutral tetrahedral addition intermediate (T0)). The comparison of the reactions of p-chlorobenzaldehyde and norcamphor with different nitrogen nucleophiles led to the observation that the general mechanism depends on each type of carbonyl compound. This is due to the great influence of the steric and electronic effects of the compounds structure, and the fact that the pKa value of the nitrogen base, which is more related to the stability of the T± than the T0 intermediate, is more important as a factor of prediction of the profiles than the value of Kad, this value being more related to the stability of the T0 intermediate. |
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The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profilescarbonyl compoundsnitrogen nucleophilesgeneral mechanism of attackIt have been described a general mechanism for the attack step of the reactions between nitrogen nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds to form a neutral tetrahedral addition intermediate. This general mechanism is based on the relative importance of the "concerted" hydronium-ion catalyzed attack of the nitrogen base on the carbonyl compound with respect to the "step wise" mechanism that involves the previous formation of a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate (T±) and the posterior proton transfer to it from the hydronium-ion. The relative importance of this pathway gives origin to three kinds of profile rates vs pH for these reactions. On the other hand, the importance of the "stepwise" mechanism was attributed to a dependence on the stability of the T± intermediate that is related to the pKa of the nitrogen base and the Kad (the equilibrium constant for the formation of the neutral tetrahedral addition intermediate (T0)). The comparison of the reactions of p-chlorobenzaldehyde and norcamphor with different nitrogen nucleophiles led to the observation that the general mechanism depends on each type of carbonyl compound. This is due to the great influence of the steric and electronic effects of the compounds structure, and the fact that the pKa value of the nitrogen base, which is more related to the stability of the T± than the T0 intermediate, is more important as a factor of prediction of the profiles than the value of Kad, this value being more related to the stability of the T0 intermediate.Sociedade Brasileira de Química1997-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50531997000500018Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society v.8 n.5 1997reponame:Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society (Online)instname:Sociedade Brasileira de Química (SBQ)instacron:SBQ10.1590/S0103-50531997000500018info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBrighente,Inês Maria CostaYunes,Rosendo Augustoeng2010-09-10T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S0103-50531997000500018Revistahttp://jbcs.sbq.org.brONGhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||office@jbcs.sbq.org.br1678-47900103-5053opendoar:2010-09-10T00:00Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society (Online) - Sociedade Brasileira de Química (SBQ)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profiles |
title |
The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profiles |
spellingShingle |
The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profiles Brighente,Inês Maria Costa carbonyl compounds nitrogen nucleophiles general mechanism of attack |
title_short |
The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profiles |
title_full |
The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profiles |
title_fullStr |
The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profiles |
title_full_unstemmed |
The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profiles |
title_sort |
The general mechanisms of attack of nitrogen nucleophiles on carbonyl compounds: facts that determine the change of the rate-pH profiles |
author |
Brighente,Inês Maria Costa |
author_facet |
Brighente,Inês Maria Costa Yunes,Rosendo Augusto |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Yunes,Rosendo Augusto |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Brighente,Inês Maria Costa Yunes,Rosendo Augusto |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
carbonyl compounds nitrogen nucleophiles general mechanism of attack |
topic |
carbonyl compounds nitrogen nucleophiles general mechanism of attack |
description |
It have been described a general mechanism for the attack step of the reactions between nitrogen nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds to form a neutral tetrahedral addition intermediate. This general mechanism is based on the relative importance of the "concerted" hydronium-ion catalyzed attack of the nitrogen base on the carbonyl compound with respect to the "step wise" mechanism that involves the previous formation of a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate (T±) and the posterior proton transfer to it from the hydronium-ion. The relative importance of this pathway gives origin to three kinds of profile rates vs pH for these reactions. On the other hand, the importance of the "stepwise" mechanism was attributed to a dependence on the stability of the T± intermediate that is related to the pKa of the nitrogen base and the Kad (the equilibrium constant for the formation of the neutral tetrahedral addition intermediate (T0)). The comparison of the reactions of p-chlorobenzaldehyde and norcamphor with different nitrogen nucleophiles led to the observation that the general mechanism depends on each type of carbonyl compound. This is due to the great influence of the steric and electronic effects of the compounds structure, and the fact that the pKa value of the nitrogen base, which is more related to the stability of the T± than the T0 intermediate, is more important as a factor of prediction of the profiles than the value of Kad, this value being more related to the stability of the T0 intermediate. |
publishDate |
1997 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
1997-01-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50531997000500018 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50531997000500018 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/S0103-50531997000500018 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Sociedade Brasileira de Química |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Sociedade Brasileira de Química |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society v.8 n.5 1997 reponame:Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society (Online) instname:Sociedade Brasileira de Química (SBQ) instacron:SBQ |
instname_str |
Sociedade Brasileira de Química (SBQ) |
instacron_str |
SBQ |
institution |
SBQ |
reponame_str |
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society (Online) |
collection |
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society (Online) - Sociedade Brasileira de Química (SBQ) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
||office@jbcs.sbq.org.br |
_version_ |
1750318163080249344 |