Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Trabalho de conclusão de curso |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16657 |
Resumo: | Brazil's natural gas reserve amounts to approximately 0.4 trillion cubic meters. It is one of the biggest in volume in the American Continent. Its extraction in Brazilian territory is concentrated in the Pre-Salt area, an 800-kilometer stretch that stretches from the northern coast of Santa Catarina to the state of Espirito Santo, with the Campos sedimentary basin in Rio de Janeiro standing out. Undoubtedly, along with the high production capacity, one can also highlight the environmental gains from using natural gas, since the capacity for CO2 emissions is much lower than that of fossil fuels, thus being considered a very attractive energy alternative. However, the CO2 present in the composition of natural gas, along with water and other contaminants, is considered a problem when it comes to the quality of the final product, and should be separated from the product of interest and destined for environmentally and commercially appropriate purposes. To this end, several techniques are currently being used to purify natural gas, such as adsorption, absorption, and molecular sieves. More recently, the potential has been identified to use supersonic technology for bulk removal of pollutants from natural gas. The operation of the supersonic separator is composed of expansion processes, cyclonic gas-liquid separation, and re-compression of the natural gas. First, the gas temperature is dropped by up to 50°C through adiabatic cooling along the inlet nozzle to expand the gas until supersonic velocities are reached. Consequently, water and hydrocarbon droplets are condensed, which are separated from the rest of the bulk by centrifugation in the cyclonic region of the separator. Despite being a very attractive alternative for the separation of CO2, the supersonic separation presents highly complex and turbulent flows, with the presence of high vorticity, which makes its study by conventional methods difficult. Thus, the present work aimed to perform a preliminary investigation of the flow in supersonic separators through CFD analysis using the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ software. From the analysis of two different baffle geometries, it was possible to investigate the direct influence of particle diameter on the efficiency of natural gas separation. For particle diameters of 2 µm, efficiency higher than 50% was obtained, while for diameters smaller than 0.8 µm, efficiency was lower than 40%. Deflector 1 had the highest efficiency values, but deflector 2 had the lowest pressure drop values. |
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Pettinatti, Jéssica LincolnLopes, Gabriela Cantarellihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061http://lattes.cnpq.br/5538931841085914a83308bb-4414-472a-8269-974457ddd3db2022-09-23T12:28:25Z2022-09-23T12:28:25Z2022-09-12PETTINATTI, Jéssica Lincoln. Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD. 2022. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia Química) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2022. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16657.https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16657Brazil's natural gas reserve amounts to approximately 0.4 trillion cubic meters. It is one of the biggest in volume in the American Continent. Its extraction in Brazilian territory is concentrated in the Pre-Salt area, an 800-kilometer stretch that stretches from the northern coast of Santa Catarina to the state of Espirito Santo, with the Campos sedimentary basin in Rio de Janeiro standing out. Undoubtedly, along with the high production capacity, one can also highlight the environmental gains from using natural gas, since the capacity for CO2 emissions is much lower than that of fossil fuels, thus being considered a very attractive energy alternative. However, the CO2 present in the composition of natural gas, along with water and other contaminants, is considered a problem when it comes to the quality of the final product, and should be separated from the product of interest and destined for environmentally and commercially appropriate purposes. To this end, several techniques are currently being used to purify natural gas, such as adsorption, absorption, and molecular sieves. More recently, the potential has been identified to use supersonic technology for bulk removal of pollutants from natural gas. The operation of the supersonic separator is composed of expansion processes, cyclonic gas-liquid separation, and re-compression of the natural gas. First, the gas temperature is dropped by up to 50°C through adiabatic cooling along the inlet nozzle to expand the gas until supersonic velocities are reached. Consequently, water and hydrocarbon droplets are condensed, which are separated from the rest of the bulk by centrifugation in the cyclonic region of the separator. Despite being a very attractive alternative for the separation of CO2, the supersonic separation presents highly complex and turbulent flows, with the presence of high vorticity, which makes its study by conventional methods difficult. Thus, the present work aimed to perform a preliminary investigation of the flow in supersonic separators through CFD analysis using the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ software. From the analysis of two different baffle geometries, it was possible to investigate the direct influence of particle diameter on the efficiency of natural gas separation. For particle diameters of 2 µm, efficiency higher than 50% was obtained, while for diameters smaller than 0.8 µm, efficiency was lower than 40%. Deflector 1 had the highest efficiency values, but deflector 2 had the lowest pressure drop values.A reserva brasileira de gás natural chega a ser composta por, aproximadamente, 0,4 trilhões de metros cúbicos. Uma das maiores em volume do Continente Americano. Sua extração em território brasileiro é concentrada na área do Pré-Sal, uma faixa de 800 quilômetros que se estende desde o litoral norte catarinense ao estado de Espirito Santo, destacando-se a bacia sedimentar de Campos no Rio de Janeiro. Indiscutivelmente, junto à alta capacidade produtiva pode-se destacar também os ganhos ambientais advindos do uso do gás natural, uma vez que a capacidade de emissões de CO2 é muito inferior aos combustíveis fósseis, sendo assim, considerado uma alternativa energética muito atrativa. Contudo, o CO2 presente na composição do gás natural, juntamente com a água e outros contaminantes, é considerado um problema quando se trata da qualidade do produto final, devendo ser separado do produto de interesse e destinado a fins ambientalmente e comercialmente adequados. Para isso, atualmente, utilizam-se de diversas técnicas de purificação do gás natural, como por exemplo, adsorção, absorção e peneiras moleculares. Mais recentemente, identificou-se o potencial de se utilizar a tecnologia supersônica para a remoção bulk dos poluentes do gás natural. O funcionamento do separador supersônico é composto por processos de expansão, separação gás-líquido ciclônica e re-compressão do gás natural. Primeiramente, a temperatura do gás sofre uma queda em até 50°C através de um resfriamento adiabático ao longo do bocal de entrada, de modo a promover a expansão do gás até serem atingidas velocidades supersônicas. Consequentemente, gotículas de água e hidrocarbonetos são condensadas, as quais são separadas do restante do bulk por meio de centrifugação na região ciclônica do separador. Apesar de ser uma alternativa muito atrativa para a separação do CO2, a separação supersônica apresenta escoamentos altamente complexos e turbulentos, com a presença de alta vorticidade, o que dificulta o seu estudo por métodos convencionais. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação preliminar do escoamento em separadores supersônicos por meio de análise em CFD utilizando-se do software Simcenter STAR-CCM+. A partir das análises de duas geometrias distintas de defletores, foi possível averiguar a influência direta do diâmetro das partículas na eficiência de separação do gás natural. Para partículas com diâmetros de 2 μm obteve-se eficiência superior à 50%, enquanto para diâmetros inferiores à 0,8 μm a eficiência foi inferior aos 40%. O defletor 1 foi o detentor dos maiores valores de eficiência, contudo o defletor 2 foi o que obteve valores menores de perda de carga.Não recebi financiamentoporUniversidade Federal de São CarlosCâmpus São CarlosEngenharia Química - EQUFSCarAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessGás naturalSeparador supersônicoCFDMultifásicoNatural gasSupersonic separatorMultiphaseENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::OPERACOES INDUSTRIAIS E EQUIPAMENTOS PARA ENGENHARIA QUIMICAENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICAEstudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFDPreliminary study of supesonic separation of natural gas using CFDinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis600600ad966bd7-9d47-4f1b-9732-0ad2f0578e62reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCARinstname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)instacron:UFSCARORIGINALJessica_Pettinatti-Trabalho_de_Graduação.pdfJessica_Pettinatti-Trabalho_de_Graduação.pdfapplication/pdf4287112https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16657/1/Jessica_Pettinatti-Trabalho_de_Gradua%c3%a7%c3%a3o.pdf4e66d5e4629cedc6604a90d32d93e826MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8811https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16657/2/license_rdfe39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34MD52TEXTJessica_Pettinatti-Trabalho_de_Graduação.pdf.txtJessica_Pettinatti-Trabalho_de_Graduação.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain98697https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16657/3/Jessica_Pettinatti-Trabalho_de_Gradua%c3%a7%c3%a3o.pdf.txt631e3d91fc9f292490b4454e1b07b796MD53THUMBNAILJessica_Pettinatti-Trabalho_de_Graduação.pdf.jpgJessica_Pettinatti-Trabalho_de_Graduação.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg5870https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16657/4/Jessica_Pettinatti-Trabalho_de_Gradua%c3%a7%c3%a3o.pdf.jpgb85d5938244e4a875c18ac1694ad69b2MD54ufscar/166572023-09-18 18:32:26.337oai:repositorio.ufscar.br:ufscar/16657Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufscar.br/oai/requestopendoar:43222023-09-18T18:32:26Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Preliminary study of supesonic separation of natural gas using CFD |
title |
Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD |
spellingShingle |
Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD Pettinatti, Jéssica Lincoln Gás natural Separador supersônico CFD Multifásico Natural gas Supersonic separator Multiphase ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::OPERACOES INDUSTRIAIS E EQUIPAMENTOS PARA ENGENHARIA QUIMICA ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA |
title_short |
Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD |
title_full |
Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD |
title_fullStr |
Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD |
title_sort |
Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD |
author |
Pettinatti, Jéssica Lincoln |
author_facet |
Pettinatti, Jéssica Lincoln |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorlattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5538931841085914 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pettinatti, Jéssica Lincoln |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061 |
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv |
a83308bb-4414-472a-8269-974457ddd3db |
contributor_str_mv |
Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Gás natural Separador supersônico CFD Multifásico |
topic |
Gás natural Separador supersônico CFD Multifásico Natural gas Supersonic separator Multiphase ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::OPERACOES INDUSTRIAIS E EQUIPAMENTOS PARA ENGENHARIA QUIMICA ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Natural gas Supersonic separator Multiphase |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::OPERACOES INDUSTRIAIS E EQUIPAMENTOS PARA ENGENHARIA QUIMICA ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA |
description |
Brazil's natural gas reserve amounts to approximately 0.4 trillion cubic meters. It is one of the biggest in volume in the American Continent. Its extraction in Brazilian territory is concentrated in the Pre-Salt area, an 800-kilometer stretch that stretches from the northern coast of Santa Catarina to the state of Espirito Santo, with the Campos sedimentary basin in Rio de Janeiro standing out. Undoubtedly, along with the high production capacity, one can also highlight the environmental gains from using natural gas, since the capacity for CO2 emissions is much lower than that of fossil fuels, thus being considered a very attractive energy alternative. However, the CO2 present in the composition of natural gas, along with water and other contaminants, is considered a problem when it comes to the quality of the final product, and should be separated from the product of interest and destined for environmentally and commercially appropriate purposes. To this end, several techniques are currently being used to purify natural gas, such as adsorption, absorption, and molecular sieves. More recently, the potential has been identified to use supersonic technology for bulk removal of pollutants from natural gas. The operation of the supersonic separator is composed of expansion processes, cyclonic gas-liquid separation, and re-compression of the natural gas. First, the gas temperature is dropped by up to 50°C through adiabatic cooling along the inlet nozzle to expand the gas until supersonic velocities are reached. Consequently, water and hydrocarbon droplets are condensed, which are separated from the rest of the bulk by centrifugation in the cyclonic region of the separator. Despite being a very attractive alternative for the separation of CO2, the supersonic separation presents highly complex and turbulent flows, with the presence of high vorticity, which makes its study by conventional methods difficult. Thus, the present work aimed to perform a preliminary investigation of the flow in supersonic separators through CFD analysis using the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ software. From the analysis of two different baffle geometries, it was possible to investigate the direct influence of particle diameter on the efficiency of natural gas separation. For particle diameters of 2 µm, efficiency higher than 50% was obtained, while for diameters smaller than 0.8 µm, efficiency was lower than 40%. Deflector 1 had the highest efficiency values, but deflector 2 had the lowest pressure drop values. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-23T12:28:25Z |
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2022-09-23T12:28:25Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-12 |
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PETTINATTI, Jéssica Lincoln. Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD. 2022. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia Química) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2022. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16657. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16657 |
identifier_str_mv |
PETTINATTI, Jéssica Lincoln. Estudo preliminar da separação supersônica do gás natural utilizando CFD. 2022. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia Química) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2022. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16657. |
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https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16657 |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
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Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus São Carlos Engenharia Química - EQ |
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