Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/13034 |
Resumo: | The approach used for forest restoration depends on the degraded ecosystem resilience. When sites have surpassed the thresholds of resilience, we need active restoration techniques, and the plantation of tree seedlings in the whole area is the most common one. A fast soil cover and a good animal-dispersed fruits supply are desirable characteristics for restoration plantings because they promote invasive grasses suppression and accelerate natural regeneration. However, if the selected species for planting are inappropriate, ecological succession may be not recovered and/or restoration may take a longer time and become more expensive. Thus, it is pertinent to understand how planted trees interact with the environment in restoration sites. This research aims to answer how tree species used for soil coverage promote floor shading and how animal-dispersed species provide fruits to seed dispersers in young forest restoration plantings. First, to assess floor shading, 14 species had their crown architecture and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception evaluated in three years old restoration plantings. We compared PAR interception among species, seasons (dry and rainy) and areas and evaluated which crown architecture traits are the best predictors of PAR interception. Besides, to assess fruit provision, 17 animal-dispersed species in six three to eight years old sites were evaluated regarding age of first fruiting, periodicity and intensity of fruit production. We also evaluated if older sites had a higher and more uniform and intensity fruit production. We found that species differ in PAR interception for both the dry and the rainy season; PAR interception varies between sites for a given species and that for many species PAR interception varies between seasons, indicating that a good shading species in the rainy season sometimes is a poor shading in the dry season. Besides, for the rainy season, lower tree height and first branch height, and greater diameter at breast height and leaf size are the best predictors for PAR interception, while for the dry season the capacity of prediction is weaker and represented by lower tree height, greater crown area and greater leaf size. Older sites did not have a more uniform fruit production, and only threefrom 17 species produced fruits every month, being those the only ones with fruits in this season. Five species have not produced fruits until eight years old, indicating that a better selection of species is needed if we want a better fruit provision in young restoration plantings. In conclusion, not all the species considered as good shade trees so far, are in fact promoting a good PAR interception because this characteristic cannot be fully predict only by canopy structure traits. Thus, it is important to include other variables, such as foliar phenology and species’ responses to competition and to management and environmental conditions for the selection of good shading trees for restoration plantings. Moreover, not all planted animal-dispersed species have fruit provision (precocity, uniformity, and intensity) in young forest restoration plantings and this ability could be better used for selecting the best species for restoring functioning in degraded sites. |
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Almeida, Crislaine deViani, Ricardo Augusto Gornehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814992165391398b87eeef1-6c8e-4b00-b028-4773b6f77add2020-07-10T14:08:11Z2020-07-10T14:08:11Z2017-04-03ALMEIDA, Crislaine de. Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal. 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura e Ambiente) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, 2017. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/13034.https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/13034The approach used for forest restoration depends on the degraded ecosystem resilience. When sites have surpassed the thresholds of resilience, we need active restoration techniques, and the plantation of tree seedlings in the whole area is the most common one. A fast soil cover and a good animal-dispersed fruits supply are desirable characteristics for restoration plantings because they promote invasive grasses suppression and accelerate natural regeneration. However, if the selected species for planting are inappropriate, ecological succession may be not recovered and/or restoration may take a longer time and become more expensive. Thus, it is pertinent to understand how planted trees interact with the environment in restoration sites. This research aims to answer how tree species used for soil coverage promote floor shading and how animal-dispersed species provide fruits to seed dispersers in young forest restoration plantings. First, to assess floor shading, 14 species had their crown architecture and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception evaluated in three years old restoration plantings. We compared PAR interception among species, seasons (dry and rainy) and areas and evaluated which crown architecture traits are the best predictors of PAR interception. Besides, to assess fruit provision, 17 animal-dispersed species in six three to eight years old sites were evaluated regarding age of first fruiting, periodicity and intensity of fruit production. We also evaluated if older sites had a higher and more uniform and intensity fruit production. We found that species differ in PAR interception for both the dry and the rainy season; PAR interception varies between sites for a given species and that for many species PAR interception varies between seasons, indicating that a good shading species in the rainy season sometimes is a poor shading in the dry season. Besides, for the rainy season, lower tree height and first branch height, and greater diameter at breast height and leaf size are the best predictors for PAR interception, while for the dry season the capacity of prediction is weaker and represented by lower tree height, greater crown area and greater leaf size. Older sites did not have a more uniform fruit production, and only threefrom 17 species produced fruits every month, being those the only ones with fruits in this season. Five species have not produced fruits until eight years old, indicating that a better selection of species is needed if we want a better fruit provision in young restoration plantings. In conclusion, not all the species considered as good shade trees so far, are in fact promoting a good PAR interception because this characteristic cannot be fully predict only by canopy structure traits. Thus, it is important to include other variables, such as foliar phenology and species’ responses to competition and to management and environmental conditions for the selection of good shading trees for restoration plantings. Moreover, not all planted animal-dispersed species have fruit provision (precocity, uniformity, and intensity) in young forest restoration plantings and this ability could be better used for selecting the best species for restoring functioning in degraded sites.A abordagem utilizada na restauração florestal depende da resiliência do ecossistema degradado. Quando a degradação ultrapassa o limiar de autorrecuperação, há necessidade de técnicas ativas de restauração, sendo o plantio de mudas de árvores em área total a mais usada. Um rápido recobrimento do solo e uma boa oferta de frutos zoocóricos são características desejáveis em plantios de restauração florestal, pois contribuem para suprimir gramíneas invasoras e acelerar o processo de regeneração natural. Entretanto, se as espécies selecionadas com este propósito forem inadequadas, a sucessão ecológica na área pode não ser retomada e/ou a restauração pode se tornar mais demorada e cara. Por isso, é pertinente compreender como árvores plantadas interagem com o ambiente em processo de restauração. Assim, esse estudo busca responder como espécies arbóreas usadas com função de recobrimento sombreiam o solo e diferentes espécies zoocóricas produzem frutos para a fauna dispersora de sementes em plantios jovens de restauração florestal. Primeiro, para avaliar o sombreamento do solo, 14 espécies tiveram sua arquitetura da copa e a interceptação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa avaliadas em plantios de restauração de três anos, com os objetivos de comparar os valores de interceptação entre espécies, épocas do ano (estação seca e chuvosa) e áreas, e de avaliar quais atributos da arquitetura da copa são melhores preditores de sua interceptação luminosa. Em segundo lugar, para avaliar a provisão de frutos, 17 espécies zoocóricas, em seis plantios de três a oito anos, foram avaliadas quanto à idade de início, periodicidade e intensidade de produção de frutos, sendo avaliado também se plantios mais antigos têm mais espécies produzindo frutos e maior intensidade e uniformidade na produção. Encontramos que as espécies diferem entre si na interceptação da radiação, tanto na estação chuvosa quanto na estação seca; que a interceptação da radiação varia entre áreas para uma mesma espécie, e, que para muitas espécies, a interceptação varia entre as duas estações do ano, mostrando que uma espécie com bom sombreamento na estação chuvosa pode não ser boa sombreadora na estação seca. Além disso, na estação chuvosa encontramos que espécies com menores altura da árvore e inserção da copa e maiores diâmetro à altura do peito e área da lâmina foliar são melhores na interceptação, enquanto que para a estação seca o poder preditivo é menor, e representado apenas pela menor altura, maior área da copa e maior área da lâmina foliar. Plantios mais antigos não têm distribuição da produção de frutos zoocóricos mais uniforme e apenas três das 17 espécies produzem frutos ao longo de todo o ano, sendo as responsáveis pela produção na estação seca. Até os oito anos, cinco espécies ainda não haviam produzido frutos, mostrando que as espécies zoocóricas devem ser melhor selecionados para garantir melhor provisão de frutos em plantios jovens. Concluímos que nem todas as espécies hoje chamadas de recobridoras têm boa capacidade de interceptar a luz, e que esta característica não pode ser eficientemente predita apenas pela estrutura de copa. Assim sendo, outros aspectos, como fenologia foliar e respostas à competição e às condições ambientais e de manejo devem ser consideradas para a seleção de boas espécies recobridoras. Além disso, nem todas as espécies zoocóricas plantadas têm boa provisão de frutos (precocidade, intensidade e uniformidade) em plantio jovens, característica que deve ser melhor utilizada na escolha das melhores espécies para restauração da função em áreas degradadas.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP: 2015/05832-0FAPESP: 2013/50718-5porUniversidade Federal de São CarlosCâmpus ArarasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente - PPGAA-ArUFSCarAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessProcessos ecológicosRestauração ecológicaEspécies de recobrimentoEspécies zoocóricasEcological processesEcological restorationShade speciesAnimal-dispersed speciesCIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTALCIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::CONSERVACAO DA NATUREZARecobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestalSoil recovery and fruit supply by trees in the forest restorationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis6006003e71832b-b38a-4586-83e7-7b648e7f142breponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCARinstname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)instacron:UFSCARORIGINALdissertação crislaine.pdfdissertação crislaine.pdfDissertaçãoapplication/pdf4629681https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/13034/1/disserta%c3%a7%c3%a3o%20crislaine.pdf61a8278d960a26a87ce758d238753cdfMD51Encaminhamento de Versao Definitiva de Dissertacao ppgaa preenchido.pdfEncaminhamento de Versao Definitiva de Dissertacao ppgaa preenchido.pdfcarta comprovante orientadorapplication/pdf91279https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/13034/2/Encaminhamento%20de%20Versao%20Definitiva%20de%20Dissertacao%20ppgaa%20preenchido.pdff877975f9822a34836482f15ae269bf8MD52CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8811https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/13034/3/license_rdfe39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34MD53TEXTdissertação crislaine.pdf.txtdissertação crislaine.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain191337https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/13034/4/disserta%c3%a7%c3%a3o%20crislaine.pdf.txtef24b0faa374ee75bf84f2fa77d46d44MD54Encaminhamento de Versao Definitiva de Dissertacao ppgaa preenchido.pdf.txtEncaminhamento de Versao Definitiva de Dissertacao ppgaa preenchido.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1329https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/13034/6/Encaminhamento%20de%20Versao%20Definitiva%20de%20Dissertacao%20ppgaa%20preenchido.pdf.txtc36dbf18d0fdb8116aa6c8f7f85d6aafMD56THUMBNAILdissertação crislaine.pdf.jpgdissertação crislaine.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg7783https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/13034/5/disserta%c3%a7%c3%a3o%20crislaine.pdf.jpge3a8b39bd54c0453c054cedf7b2ee9c2MD55Encaminhamento de Versao Definitiva de Dissertacao ppgaa preenchido.pdf.jpgEncaminhamento de Versao Definitiva de Dissertacao ppgaa preenchido.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg11517https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/13034/7/Encaminhamento%20de%20Versao%20Definitiva%20de%20Dissertacao%20ppgaa%20preenchido.pdf.jpg6fc2ca0e63538f8392d4ede83bc48902MD57ufscar/130342023-09-18 18:31:58.161oai:repositorio.ufscar.br:ufscar/13034Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufscar.br/oai/requestopendoar:43222023-09-18T18:31:58Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Soil recovery and fruit supply by trees in the forest restoration |
title |
Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal |
spellingShingle |
Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal Almeida, Crislaine de Processos ecológicos Restauração ecológica Espécies de recobrimento Espécies zoocóricas Ecological processes Ecological restoration Shade species Animal-dispersed species CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::CONSERVACAO DA NATUREZA |
title_short |
Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal |
title_full |
Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal |
title_fullStr |
Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal |
title_sort |
Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal |
author |
Almeida, Crislaine de |
author_facet |
Almeida, Crislaine de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorlattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814992165391398 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Almeida, Crislaine de |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840 |
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv |
b87eeef1-6c8e-4b00-b028-4773b6f77add |
contributor_str_mv |
Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Processos ecológicos Restauração ecológica Espécies de recobrimento Espécies zoocóricas |
topic |
Processos ecológicos Restauração ecológica Espécies de recobrimento Espécies zoocóricas Ecological processes Ecological restoration Shade species Animal-dispersed species CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::CONSERVACAO DA NATUREZA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Ecological processes Ecological restoration Shade species Animal-dispersed species |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::CONSERVACAO DA NATUREZA |
description |
The approach used for forest restoration depends on the degraded ecosystem resilience. When sites have surpassed the thresholds of resilience, we need active restoration techniques, and the plantation of tree seedlings in the whole area is the most common one. A fast soil cover and a good animal-dispersed fruits supply are desirable characteristics for restoration plantings because they promote invasive grasses suppression and accelerate natural regeneration. However, if the selected species for planting are inappropriate, ecological succession may be not recovered and/or restoration may take a longer time and become more expensive. Thus, it is pertinent to understand how planted trees interact with the environment in restoration sites. This research aims to answer how tree species used for soil coverage promote floor shading and how animal-dispersed species provide fruits to seed dispersers in young forest restoration plantings. First, to assess floor shading, 14 species had their crown architecture and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception evaluated in three years old restoration plantings. We compared PAR interception among species, seasons (dry and rainy) and areas and evaluated which crown architecture traits are the best predictors of PAR interception. Besides, to assess fruit provision, 17 animal-dispersed species in six three to eight years old sites were evaluated regarding age of first fruiting, periodicity and intensity of fruit production. We also evaluated if older sites had a higher and more uniform and intensity fruit production. We found that species differ in PAR interception for both the dry and the rainy season; PAR interception varies between sites for a given species and that for many species PAR interception varies between seasons, indicating that a good shading species in the rainy season sometimes is a poor shading in the dry season. Besides, for the rainy season, lower tree height and first branch height, and greater diameter at breast height and leaf size are the best predictors for PAR interception, while for the dry season the capacity of prediction is weaker and represented by lower tree height, greater crown area and greater leaf size. Older sites did not have a more uniform fruit production, and only threefrom 17 species produced fruits every month, being those the only ones with fruits in this season. Five species have not produced fruits until eight years old, indicating that a better selection of species is needed if we want a better fruit provision in young restoration plantings. In conclusion, not all the species considered as good shade trees so far, are in fact promoting a good PAR interception because this characteristic cannot be fully predict only by canopy structure traits. Thus, it is important to include other variables, such as foliar phenology and species’ responses to competition and to management and environmental conditions for the selection of good shading trees for restoration plantings. Moreover, not all planted animal-dispersed species have fruit provision (precocity, uniformity, and intensity) in young forest restoration plantings and this ability could be better used for selecting the best species for restoring functioning in degraded sites. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2017-04-03 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2020-07-10T14:08:11Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2020-07-10T14:08:11Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
ALMEIDA, Crislaine de. Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal. 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura e Ambiente) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, 2017. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/13034. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/13034 |
identifier_str_mv |
ALMEIDA, Crislaine de. Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal. 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura e Ambiente) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, 2017. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/13034. |
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https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/13034 |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
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openAccess |
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Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus Araras |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente - PPGAA-Ar |
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UFSCar |
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Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus Araras |
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