Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Trabalho de conclusão de curso |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16481 |
Resumo: | In view of the growing consumption of plastic packaging worldwide, the concerns regarding the environmental impacts of plastic wastes have become more and more relevant. One of the tools used for analyzing such impacts is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which assesses the impacts and benefits of a material’s life cycle on the environment. In view of the divergent contexts of gathering and destination of plastic wastes in Brazil and Germany, the present work evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in different eco-impact categories of the PET bottle life cycle in both countries. Four different post-consumer PET disposal scenarios were established – recycling, sanitary landfill, dump, and incineration – of which dump is relevant for Brazil, while incineration is typically carried out in Germany – and the amounts of postconsumer PET sent for each end-of-life treatment were defined based on the recycling index of the countries. The LCA was performed using the OpenLCA software and the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) assessment method, considering the production of 1 ton of PET bottles as a functional unit. Three impact categories were evaluated – global warming, water consumption and human toxicity. A comparison between the end-oflife treatments for each country was carried out, where in Brazil the sanitary landfill and open dump scenarios are very similar and the most harmful in terms of global warming and water consumption, while recycling is the worst alternative for human toxicity. For Germany, the impacts related to sanitary landfill and incineration were more pronounced than those related to mechanical recycling. For the comparison between countries, a scenario was created where part of the PET bottle waste was sent to sanitary landfill and part for recycling, being the quantities defined by the recycling indexes of 91% and 55% for Germany and Brazil, respectively. Despite the higher recycling rate, the treatment of PET bottle wastes in Germany has the most significant impacts, which can be justified by its fossil-based energy matrix. Overall, the PET resin and bottle productions contributed at the largest extents for the environmental impacts in all evaluated categories. Thus, the LCA of this work allowed concluding that to minimize the impacts of the PET bottle life cycle, a high recycling rate must be combined with renewable energy sources. |
id |
SCAR_9a35f4c486a3d416ad3bf04bbe144df7 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ufscar.br:ufscar/16481 |
network_acronym_str |
SCAR |
network_name_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
repository_id_str |
4322 |
spelling |
Junqueira, Flávia BastosMoreira, Francys Kley Vieirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417eb6c358e-7252-4f15-9f03-7fdbcc1ae3892022-08-10T19:03:39Z2022-08-10T19:03:39Z2022-04-20JUNQUEIRA, Flávia Bastos. Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha. 2022. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2022. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16481.https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16481In view of the growing consumption of plastic packaging worldwide, the concerns regarding the environmental impacts of plastic wastes have become more and more relevant. One of the tools used for analyzing such impacts is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which assesses the impacts and benefits of a material’s life cycle on the environment. In view of the divergent contexts of gathering and destination of plastic wastes in Brazil and Germany, the present work evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in different eco-impact categories of the PET bottle life cycle in both countries. Four different post-consumer PET disposal scenarios were established – recycling, sanitary landfill, dump, and incineration – of which dump is relevant for Brazil, while incineration is typically carried out in Germany – and the amounts of postconsumer PET sent for each end-of-life treatment were defined based on the recycling index of the countries. The LCA was performed using the OpenLCA software and the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) assessment method, considering the production of 1 ton of PET bottles as a functional unit. Three impact categories were evaluated – global warming, water consumption and human toxicity. A comparison between the end-oflife treatments for each country was carried out, where in Brazil the sanitary landfill and open dump scenarios are very similar and the most harmful in terms of global warming and water consumption, while recycling is the worst alternative for human toxicity. For Germany, the impacts related to sanitary landfill and incineration were more pronounced than those related to mechanical recycling. For the comparison between countries, a scenario was created where part of the PET bottle waste was sent to sanitary landfill and part for recycling, being the quantities defined by the recycling indexes of 91% and 55% for Germany and Brazil, respectively. Despite the higher recycling rate, the treatment of PET bottle wastes in Germany has the most significant impacts, which can be justified by its fossil-based energy matrix. Overall, the PET resin and bottle productions contributed at the largest extents for the environmental impacts in all evaluated categories. Thus, the LCA of this work allowed concluding that to minimize the impacts of the PET bottle life cycle, a high recycling rate must be combined with renewable energy sources.Diante da tendência mundial de crescimento do consumo de embalagens plásticas, torna-se relevante a preocupação com os efeitos dos resíduos plásticos no meio ambiente. Uma das ferramentas utilizadas para análise de tais efeitos é a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV), que analisa os impactos e benefícios do ciclo de vida de um material no meio-ambiente. Diante dos contextos divergentes de coleta e destinação no Brasil e na Alemanha, o trabalho em questão visa avaliar as vantagens e desvantagens em diferentes categorias de impacto ambiental do ciclo da garrafa PET nos dois países. Foram estabelecidos quatro diferentes cenários de destinação do PET pós consumo – reciclagem, aterro sanitário, lixão e incineração – sendo lixão unicamente para o Brasil e incineração para a Alemanha – e as quantidades de resíduos PET destinadas para cada foram definidas a partir do índice de reciclagem de ambos os países. A ACV foi realizada com o auxílio do software OpenLCA em conjunto com o método de avaliação ReCiPe Midpoint (H), sendo considerada como unidade funcional a produção de 1 tonelada de garrafas PET. Foram escolhidos três indicadores do método ReCiPe para fins de estudo – mudanças climáticas, consumo de água e toxicidade humana. Foi realizada uma comparação isolada dos diferentes descartes para cada país, onde no Brasil os cenários de aterro e lixão se mostram muito semelhantes e os mais prejudiciais em mudanças climáticas e consumo de água, enquanto a reciclagem se apresenta a pior alternativa para toxicidade humana. Na Alemanha, os impactos do aterro sanitário e incineração são bem mais acentuados para aqueles da reciclagem, em todos os três indicadores. Para a comparação entre países, foi definido um cenário de parte descartada em aterro e o restante destinado para reciclagem, onde as quantidades foram definidas pelo índice de 91% de reciclagem na Alemanha e 55% no Brasil. Apesar de maior índice de reciclagem, a Alemanha apresenta impactos mais significativos, que podem ser justificados pela matriz energética do país ser baseada em fontes fósseis. Além disso, para ambos os contextos, a produção da resina polimérica e da garrafa se mostram as mais prejudiciais para os indicadores. Assim, a ACV deste trabalho permite concluir que para minimizar os impactos do ciclo de vida de PET, deve-se combinar um elevado índice de reciclagem com fontes renováveis de energia.Não recebi financiamentoporUniversidade Federal de São CarlosCâmpus São CarlosEngenharia de Materiais - EMaUFSCarAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessGarrafas-PETACVReciclagemDescartePET bottleLCARecyclingDisposalENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOSAvaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e AlemanhaLife cycle assessment of PET bottles: a comparison between Brazil and Germanyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis60060089d75eec-0553-4cfa-817a-f2ee7161f963reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCARinstname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)instacron:UFSCARORIGINALFlávia Bastos Junqueira (1).pdfFlávia Bastos Junqueira (1).pdfapplication/pdf2077163https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16481/1/Fl%c3%a1via%20Bastos%20Junqueira%20%281%29.pdf1c1da2478e60caf490a8da1e313d21bcMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8811https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16481/2/license_rdfe39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34MD52TEXTFlávia Bastos Junqueira (1).pdf.txtFlávia Bastos Junqueira (1).pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain95964https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16481/3/Fl%c3%a1via%20Bastos%20Junqueira%20%281%29.pdf.txta3e6bdb2bca9657ea7a151bf7784b291MD53THUMBNAILFlávia Bastos Junqueira (1).pdf.jpgFlávia Bastos Junqueira (1).pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg7364https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16481/4/Fl%c3%a1via%20Bastos%20Junqueira%20%281%29.pdf.jpg4bed40f96ecdcb718bf40cf1cc995e9cMD54ufscar/164812023-09-18 18:32:28.873oai:repositorio.ufscar.br:ufscar/16481Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufscar.br/oai/requestopendoar:43222023-09-18T18:32:28Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Life cycle assessment of PET bottles: a comparison between Brazil and Germany |
title |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha |
spellingShingle |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha Junqueira, Flávia Bastos Garrafas-PET ACV Reciclagem Descarte PET bottle LCA Recycling Disposal ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOS |
title_short |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha |
title_full |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha |
title_fullStr |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha |
title_full_unstemmed |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha |
title_sort |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha |
author |
Junqueira, Flávia Bastos |
author_facet |
Junqueira, Flávia Bastos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Junqueira, Flávia Bastos |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417 |
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv |
eb6c358e-7252-4f15-9f03-7fdbcc1ae389 |
contributor_str_mv |
Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Garrafas-PET ACV Reciclagem Descarte |
topic |
Garrafas-PET ACV Reciclagem Descarte PET bottle LCA Recycling Disposal ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOS |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
PET bottle LCA Recycling Disposal |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOS |
description |
In view of the growing consumption of plastic packaging worldwide, the concerns regarding the environmental impacts of plastic wastes have become more and more relevant. One of the tools used for analyzing such impacts is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which assesses the impacts and benefits of a material’s life cycle on the environment. In view of the divergent contexts of gathering and destination of plastic wastes in Brazil and Germany, the present work evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in different eco-impact categories of the PET bottle life cycle in both countries. Four different post-consumer PET disposal scenarios were established – recycling, sanitary landfill, dump, and incineration – of which dump is relevant for Brazil, while incineration is typically carried out in Germany – and the amounts of postconsumer PET sent for each end-of-life treatment were defined based on the recycling index of the countries. The LCA was performed using the OpenLCA software and the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) assessment method, considering the production of 1 ton of PET bottles as a functional unit. Three impact categories were evaluated – global warming, water consumption and human toxicity. A comparison between the end-oflife treatments for each country was carried out, where in Brazil the sanitary landfill and open dump scenarios are very similar and the most harmful in terms of global warming and water consumption, while recycling is the worst alternative for human toxicity. For Germany, the impacts related to sanitary landfill and incineration were more pronounced than those related to mechanical recycling. For the comparison between countries, a scenario was created where part of the PET bottle waste was sent to sanitary landfill and part for recycling, being the quantities defined by the recycling indexes of 91% and 55% for Germany and Brazil, respectively. Despite the higher recycling rate, the treatment of PET bottle wastes in Germany has the most significant impacts, which can be justified by its fossil-based energy matrix. Overall, the PET resin and bottle productions contributed at the largest extents for the environmental impacts in all evaluated categories. Thus, the LCA of this work allowed concluding that to minimize the impacts of the PET bottle life cycle, a high recycling rate must be combined with renewable energy sources. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2022-08-10T19:03:39Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2022-08-10T19:03:39Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2022-04-20 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
format |
bachelorThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
JUNQUEIRA, Flávia Bastos. Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha. 2022. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2022. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16481. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16481 |
identifier_str_mv |
JUNQUEIRA, Flávia Bastos. Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET: comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha. 2022. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2022. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16481. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16481 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
89d75eec-0553-4cfa-817a-f2ee7161f963 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus São Carlos Engenharia de Materiais - EMa |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSCar |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus São Carlos Engenharia de Materiais - EMa |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR instname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) instacron:UFSCAR |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
instacron_str |
UFSCAR |
institution |
UFSCAR |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16481/1/Fl%c3%a1via%20Bastos%20Junqueira%20%281%29.pdf https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16481/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16481/3/Fl%c3%a1via%20Bastos%20Junqueira%20%281%29.pdf.txt https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16481/4/Fl%c3%a1via%20Bastos%20Junqueira%20%281%29.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
1c1da2478e60caf490a8da1e313d21bc e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 a3e6bdb2bca9657ea7a151bf7784b291 4bed40f96ecdcb718bf40cf1cc995e9c |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1802136409004310528 |