A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares?
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10648 |
Resumo: | The family Crabronidae comprises a group of extreme importance to the phylogeny of Hymenopytera and is considered by some authors to be the group that gave rise to bees. Despite this importance, very few studies have been conducted on the family. Trypoxylon is the most diverse genus in Crabronidae, with 631 species. Females supply of their nests with spiders, which are paralyzed and deposited in brood cells arranged linearly in pre-existing cavities or in nests of mud built by the females. The genus is divided into two subgenera based on morphological and behavioral characteristics. Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) sensu stricto is the most diverse and has no synapomorphies that sustain it as a monophyletic group. Nevertheless, the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) is characterized by the guard behavior displayed by males. Although studies on the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) have been developed in Brazil, few investigations have addressed the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) or the phylogeny of the genus, which becomes more difficult due to the lack of specialists in the country that can perform the taxonomical identification of these organisms. The use of molecular markers in genetic evolutionary studies is an option for cases like Trypoxylon and enables the study of the evolutionary history of the genus. Therefore, the following question was raised and served as the basis for the present study: "Is the subgeneric division of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) supported by molecular markers?" To answer this question, we extracted and sequenced the pol, CytB and COI regions of 268 samples of the genus Trypoxylon. We also searched on databases and found 173 sequences of the COI gene. These sequences were subjected to analyses of nucleotide diversity, phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood and estimated time of divergence as well as the delimitation and identification of species. The results showed that the nuclear gene pol is less varied in comparison to the mitochondrial genes CytB and COI, which were good candidates for the study of intraspecific and interspecific variation. The molecular data had high support values for the division of the subgenera into Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) and Trypoxylon (Trypargilum). However, the findings suggest that there may be more than two subgenera in the genus Trypoxylon. The species delimitation analyses demonstrated the same results in most cases, but the inconsistencies encountered resemble the difficulties found in the classification, strongly suggesting the need for a revision of the group based on morphological traits and molecular markers. |
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Sabadini, Camila PereiraDel Lama, Marco Antoniohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585http://lattes.cnpq.br/80402500144249704c07de7b-708d-4f1c-bea2-1fcc58b3c18d2018-11-08T10:46:53Z2018-11-08T10:46:53Z2018-06-04SABADINI, Camila Pereira. A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares?. 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2018. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10648.https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10648The family Crabronidae comprises a group of extreme importance to the phylogeny of Hymenopytera and is considered by some authors to be the group that gave rise to bees. Despite this importance, very few studies have been conducted on the family. Trypoxylon is the most diverse genus in Crabronidae, with 631 species. Females supply of their nests with spiders, which are paralyzed and deposited in brood cells arranged linearly in pre-existing cavities or in nests of mud built by the females. The genus is divided into two subgenera based on morphological and behavioral characteristics. Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) sensu stricto is the most diverse and has no synapomorphies that sustain it as a monophyletic group. Nevertheless, the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) is characterized by the guard behavior displayed by males. Although studies on the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) have been developed in Brazil, few investigations have addressed the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) or the phylogeny of the genus, which becomes more difficult due to the lack of specialists in the country that can perform the taxonomical identification of these organisms. The use of molecular markers in genetic evolutionary studies is an option for cases like Trypoxylon and enables the study of the evolutionary history of the genus. Therefore, the following question was raised and served as the basis for the present study: "Is the subgeneric division of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) supported by molecular markers?" To answer this question, we extracted and sequenced the pol, CytB and COI regions of 268 samples of the genus Trypoxylon. We also searched on databases and found 173 sequences of the COI gene. These sequences were subjected to analyses of nucleotide diversity, phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood and estimated time of divergence as well as the delimitation and identification of species. The results showed that the nuclear gene pol is less varied in comparison to the mitochondrial genes CytB and COI, which were good candidates for the study of intraspecific and interspecific variation. The molecular data had high support values for the division of the subgenera into Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) and Trypoxylon (Trypargilum). However, the findings suggest that there may be more than two subgenera in the genus Trypoxylon. The species delimitation analyses demonstrated the same results in most cases, but the inconsistencies encountered resemble the difficulties found in the classification, strongly suggesting the need for a revision of the group based on morphological traits and molecular markers.A família Crabronidae compreende um grupo de extrema importância na filogenia de Hymenoptera por ser considerada por alguns autores como o grupo que deu origem às abelhas; no entanto, ainda há poucos estudos sobre essa família. O gênero Trypoxylon é o mais diverso da família Crabronidae, com 631 espécies nas quais as fêmeas se ocupam da construção e aprovisionamento dos seus ninhos com aranhas que são paralisadas e depositadas em células de cria dispostas linearmente em cavidades preexistentes ou em ninhos de barro construídos por elas. O gênero é dividido em dois subgêneros com base em caracteres morfológicos e comportamentais. Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) é o mais diverso e não apresenta sinapomorfias que o sustente como grupo monofilético. Em contrapartida, o subgênero Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) é caracterizado pelo comportamento de guarda exibido pelos machos. Apesar de muitos estudos com o subgênero Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) terem sido desenvolvidos no Brasil, o subgênero Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) foi pouco explorado, assim como os estudos de filogenia do gênero, o que se torna mais difícil ao passo que não há especialistas no país na identificação taxonômica desses organismos. A utilização de marcadores moleculares em estudos de genética evolutiva tem sido uma alternativa para casos como o de Trypoxylon, de maneira a possibilitar o estudo da história evolutiva do gênero. Para isso foi levantada a pergunta central que embasou esse trabalho: “A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares?”. Para respondê-la, foram extraídas e sequenciadas para as regiões pol, CytB e COI amostras de 268 espécimes do gênero Trypoxylon. Foram realizadas também buscas em bancos de dados, totalizando 173 sequências do gene COI. Essas sequências foram submetidas a análises de diversidade nucleotídica, análises filogenéticas pelas metodologias de Inferência Bayesiana e Máxima Verossimilhança, além da estimativa de tempo de divergência e delimitação e identificação de espécies. Os resultados mostraram que o gene nuclear pol apresenta menor variação em relação aos genes mitocondriais CytB e COI que se mostraram bons candidatos para o estudo da variação intra e interespecífica. Os dados moleculares apresentaram altos valores de sustentação na divisão dos subgêneros em Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) e Trypoxylon (Trypargilum), porém foi observado que pode haver mais de dois subgêneros no gênero Trypoxylon. As análises de delimitação de espécies apresentaram na maioria dos casos os mesmos resultados, porém as incongruências observadas se assemelham às dificuldades encontradas também na classificação, sugerindo fortemente a necessidade de revisão do grupo com base em caracteres morfológicos e moleculares.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CAPES: 001porUniversidade Federal de São CarlosCâmpus São CarlosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular - PPGGEvUFSCarFilogeniaTrypoxylonDelimitação de espéciesCrabronidaePhylogeneticsTrypoxylonSpecies delimitationCrabronidaeCOICIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICAA divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares?info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisOnline600600d1cabeac-b649-42d7-ac8b-acb91c4031d6info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCARinstname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)instacron:UFSCARORIGINALMs. Camila Sabadini - Versão final.pdfMs. Camila Sabadini - Versão final.pdfapplication/pdf6874625https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/10648/1/Ms.%20Camila%20Sabadini%20-%20Vers%c3%a3o%20final.pdfb43b8627abe348e7a9387375f718774fMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81957https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/10648/3/license.txtae0398b6f8b235e40ad82cba6c50031dMD53TEXTMs. Camila Sabadini - Versão final.pdf.txtMs. Camila Sabadini - Versão final.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain171883https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/10648/4/Ms.%20Camila%20Sabadini%20-%20Vers%c3%a3o%20final.pdf.txt9d68d1bff7be733a3d9d2934f11d5b27MD54THUMBNAILMs. Camila Sabadini - Versão final.pdf.jpgMs. Camila Sabadini - Versão final.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg6376https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/10648/5/Ms.%20Camila%20Sabadini%20-%20Vers%c3%a3o%20final.pdf.jpgbcdc718abe46e8d8946e31508a1079c1MD55ufscar/106482023-09-18 18:31:17.596oai:repositorio.ufscar.br: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Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufscar.br/oai/requestopendoar:43222023-09-18T18:31:17Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares? |
title |
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares? |
spellingShingle |
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares? Sabadini, Camila Pereira Filogenia Trypoxylon Delimitação de espécies Crabronidae Phylogenetics Trypoxylon Species delimitation Crabronidae COI CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA |
title_short |
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares? |
title_full |
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares? |
title_fullStr |
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares? |
title_full_unstemmed |
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares? |
title_sort |
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares? |
author |
Sabadini, Camila Pereira |
author_facet |
Sabadini, Camila Pereira |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorlattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8040250014424970 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Sabadini, Camila Pereira |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Del Lama, Marco Antonio |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585 |
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv |
4c07de7b-708d-4f1c-bea2-1fcc58b3c18d |
contributor_str_mv |
Del Lama, Marco Antonio |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Filogenia Trypoxylon Delimitação de espécies Crabronidae |
topic |
Filogenia Trypoxylon Delimitação de espécies Crabronidae Phylogenetics Trypoxylon Species delimitation Crabronidae COI CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Phylogenetics Trypoxylon Species delimitation Crabronidae COI |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA |
description |
The family Crabronidae comprises a group of extreme importance to the phylogeny of Hymenopytera and is considered by some authors to be the group that gave rise to bees. Despite this importance, very few studies have been conducted on the family. Trypoxylon is the most diverse genus in Crabronidae, with 631 species. Females supply of their nests with spiders, which are paralyzed and deposited in brood cells arranged linearly in pre-existing cavities or in nests of mud built by the females. The genus is divided into two subgenera based on morphological and behavioral characteristics. Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) sensu stricto is the most diverse and has no synapomorphies that sustain it as a monophyletic group. Nevertheless, the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) is characterized by the guard behavior displayed by males. Although studies on the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) have been developed in Brazil, few investigations have addressed the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) or the phylogeny of the genus, which becomes more difficult due to the lack of specialists in the country that can perform the taxonomical identification of these organisms. The use of molecular markers in genetic evolutionary studies is an option for cases like Trypoxylon and enables the study of the evolutionary history of the genus. Therefore, the following question was raised and served as the basis for the present study: "Is the subgeneric division of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) supported by molecular markers?" To answer this question, we extracted and sequenced the pol, CytB and COI regions of 268 samples of the genus Trypoxylon. We also searched on databases and found 173 sequences of the COI gene. These sequences were subjected to analyses of nucleotide diversity, phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood and estimated time of divergence as well as the delimitation and identification of species. The results showed that the nuclear gene pol is less varied in comparison to the mitochondrial genes CytB and COI, which were good candidates for the study of intraspecific and interspecific variation. The molecular data had high support values for the division of the subgenera into Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) and Trypoxylon (Trypargilum). However, the findings suggest that there may be more than two subgenera in the genus Trypoxylon. The species delimitation analyses demonstrated the same results in most cases, but the inconsistencies encountered resemble the difficulties found in the classification, strongly suggesting the need for a revision of the group based on morphological traits and molecular markers. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2018-11-08T10:46:53Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2018-11-08T10:46:53Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2018-06-04 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
SABADINI, Camila Pereira. A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares?. 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2018. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10648. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10648 |
identifier_str_mv |
SABADINI, Camila Pereira. A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares?. 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2018. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10648. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10648 |
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openAccess |
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Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus São Carlos |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular - PPGGEv |
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UFSCar |
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Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus São Carlos |
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