Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based Medicine

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Montano-Pedroso, Juan Carlos
Data de Publicação: 2022
Tipo de documento: preprint
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: SciELO Preprints
Texto Completo: https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/4544
Resumo: Introduction: Blood transfusion is a traditional, popular treatment and considered by society and the medical community as a treatment that has great benefits in reducing mortality. Evidence-based medicine is an approach to medical practice that aims at making decisions based on up-to-date scientific evidence tested by the scientific method. The objective of this study was to evaluate blood transfusion through the lens of evidence-based medicine. Methods: Non-systematic search of the literature, without restriction of type of study, date or language, in the scientific databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science, prioritizing publication of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Results: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials showed that more restrictive blood transfusion reduces mortality when compared to less restrictive transfusions. No randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of blood transfusion were found, setting up an uncertainty of the effect of both restrictive and liberal blood transfusion on mortality. Systematic review of the quality of guidelines on blood transfusion showed that the guidelines were carried out with low methodological rigor. Systematic review concluded that most studies did not demonstrate improvement of tissue oxygenation with blood transfusion. Systematic reviews of observational studies demonstrated an association of blood transfusion with increased mortality and all Bradford Hill causality criteria were met pointing to a causal relationship between blood transfusion and increased adverse outcomes. Systematic reviews have shown that both patients and physicians tend to overestimate the true benefits of treatments and underestimate their harms. Conclusion: The scientific evidence base for recommending blood transfusion is weak, with no robust evidence that the treatment reduces mortality. There is a significant accumulation of evidence showing worse clinical outcome with this treatment, revealing clear disagreement on how this treatment is perceived by society and the medical community. This leads to ethical and legal implications related to the quality of information that is offered to patients to obtain their informed consent and respect for their autonomy regarding the use of this treatment. The medical and legal communities, as well as society, should urgently re-evaluate blood transfusion under the principles of evidence-based medicine.
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spelling Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based MedicineA transfusão de sangue sob as lentes da medicina baseada em evidênciastransfusão de sangueanemiaprocedimentos médicos e cirúrgicos sem sanguepreservação de sangueblood transfusionanemiabloodless medical and surgical proceduresblood preservationIntroduction: Blood transfusion is a traditional, popular treatment and considered by society and the medical community as a treatment that has great benefits in reducing mortality. Evidence-based medicine is an approach to medical practice that aims at making decisions based on up-to-date scientific evidence tested by the scientific method. The objective of this study was to evaluate blood transfusion through the lens of evidence-based medicine. Methods: Non-systematic search of the literature, without restriction of type of study, date or language, in the scientific databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science, prioritizing publication of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Results: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials showed that more restrictive blood transfusion reduces mortality when compared to less restrictive transfusions. No randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of blood transfusion were found, setting up an uncertainty of the effect of both restrictive and liberal blood transfusion on mortality. Systematic review of the quality of guidelines on blood transfusion showed that the guidelines were carried out with low methodological rigor. Systematic review concluded that most studies did not demonstrate improvement of tissue oxygenation with blood transfusion. Systematic reviews of observational studies demonstrated an association of blood transfusion with increased mortality and all Bradford Hill causality criteria were met pointing to a causal relationship between blood transfusion and increased adverse outcomes. Systematic reviews have shown that both patients and physicians tend to overestimate the true benefits of treatments and underestimate their harms. Conclusion: The scientific evidence base for recommending blood transfusion is weak, with no robust evidence that the treatment reduces mortality. There is a significant accumulation of evidence showing worse clinical outcome with this treatment, revealing clear disagreement on how this treatment is perceived by society and the medical community. This leads to ethical and legal implications related to the quality of information that is offered to patients to obtain their informed consent and respect for their autonomy regarding the use of this treatment. The medical and legal communities, as well as society, should urgently re-evaluate blood transfusion under the principles of evidence-based medicine.Introducción: La transfusión de sangre es un tratamiento tradicional, popular y considerado por la sociedad y la comunidad médica como un tratamiento que presenta grandes beneficios en la reducción de la mortalidad. La medicina basada en la evidencia es un enfoque de la práctica médica que pretende tomar decisiones basadas en pruebas científicas actualizadas y comprobadas por el método científico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la transfusión de sangre bajo los lentes de la medicina basada en la evidencia. Métodos: Búsqueda no sistemática de la literatura, sin restricción de tipo de estudio, fecha o idioma, en las bases de datos científicas: MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science, priorizando la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis. Resultados: La revisión sistemática de los ensayos clínicos aleatorios mostró que las transfusiones de sangre más restrictivas reducen la mortalidad en comparación con las transfusiones menos restrictivas. No se encontraron ensayos clínicos aleatorios controlados con placebo que avalaran la eficacia de la transfusión de sangre, configurando la incertidumbre del efecto de la transfusión de sangre, tanto en la modalidad restrictiva como en la liberal, en la mortalidad. La revisión sistemática de la calidad de las directrices sobre transfusión de sangre mostró que las directrices se realizaron con poco rigor metodológico. La revisión sistemática concluyó que la mayoría de los estudios no demostraron una mejora de la oxigenación tisular con la transfusión de sangre. Las revisiones sistemáticas de los estudios observacionales mostraron una asociación de la transfusión de sangre con el aumento de la mortalidad, y se cumplieron todos los criterios de causalidad de Bradford Hill, lo que apunta a una relación causal entre la transfusión de sangre y el aumento de los resultados adversos. Las revisiones sistemáticas han demostrado que tanto los pacientes como los médicos tienden a sobrestimar los verdaderos beneficios de los tratamientos sanguíneos y a subestimar sus daños. Conclusión: La base de pruebas científicas para recomendar la transfusión de sangre es débil, sin pruebas sólidas de que el tratamiento reduzca la mortalidad. Existe una importante acumulación de pruebas que demuestran un peor resultado clínico con este tratamiento, lo que revela un claro desacuerdo sobre cómo perciben este tratamiento la sociedad y la comunidad médica. Este hallazgo conlleva implicaciones éticas y legales relacionadas con la calidad de la información que se ofrece a los pacientes para obtener su consentimiento informado, así como el respeto a su autonomía respecto al uso de este tratamiento. La comunidad médica, la comunidad jurídica y la sociedad deben reevaluar urgentemente la transfusión de sangre bajo los principios de la medicina basada en la evidencia.Introdução: A transfusão de sangue é um tratamento tradicional, popular e considerada pela sociedade e pela comunidade médica como um tratamento que apresenta grandes benefícios na redução da mortalidade. A medicina baseada em evidências é uma abordagem a prática médica que visa a tomada de decisões a partir de provas científicas atualizadas e testadas pelo método científico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a transfusão de sangue sob as lentes da medicina baseada em evidências. Métodos: Busca não sistemática da literatura, sem restrição de tipo de estudo, data ou idioma, nas bases de dados científicas: MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science, priorizando publicação de revisões sistemáticas e metanálises. Resultados: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados demonstrou que transfusão de sangue mais restritiva reduz a mortalidade quando comparada a transfusões menos restritivas. Não foram encontrados ensaios clínicos randomizados placebo-controlados que avaliaram a eficácia da transfusão de sangue, configurando uma incerteza do efeito da transfusão de sangue, tanto na modalidade restritiva como na liberal, na mortalidade. Revisão sistemática da qualidade das diretrizes sobre transfusão de sangue demonstrou que as diretrizes foram realizadas com baixo rigor metodológico. Revisão sistemática concluiu que a maioria dos estudos não demonstrou melhora da oxigenação tecidual com a transfusão de sangue. Revisões sistemáticas de estudos observacionais demonstraram uma associação da transfusão de sangue com aumento da mortalidade e todos os critérios de causalidade de Bradford Hill foram contemplados, apontando uma relação causal entre a transfusão de sangue e aumento dos desfechos adversos. Revisões sistemáticas demonstraram que tanto pacientes quanto médicos apresentam tendência a superestimar os verdadeiros benefícios de tratamentos e subestimar seus danos. Conclusão: A base de evidências científicas para recomendar a transfusão de sangue é fraca, não havendo evidências robustas de que o tratamento reduza a mortalidade. Há acúmulo significativo de evidências demonstrando pior desfecho clínico com este tratamento, revelando nítida discordância sobre o modo que este tratamento é percebido pela sociedade e pela comunidade médica. Tal constatação leva a implicações éticas e legais relacionadas à qualidade das informações que são oferecidas ao paciente para obtenção do seu consentimento informado e esclarecido, assim como o respeito à sua autonomia quanto ao uso deste tratamento. A comunidade médica, jurídica e a sociedade devem, com urgência, reavaliar a transfusão de sangue sob os princípios da medicina baseada em evidências.SciELO PreprintsSciELO PreprintsSciELO Preprints2022-08-08info:eu-repo/semantics/preprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/454410.1590/SciELOPreprints.4544porhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/article/view/4544/8750Copyright (c) 2022 Juan Carlos Montano-Pedrosohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMontano-Pedroso, Juan Carlosreponame:SciELO Preprintsinstname:SciELOinstacron:SCI2022-08-04T15:07:54Zoai:ops.preprints.scielo.org:preprint/4544Servidor de preprintshttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scieloONGhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/oaiscielo.submission@scielo.orgopendoar:2022-08-04T15:07:54SciELO Preprints - SciELOfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based Medicine
A transfusão de sangue sob as lentes da medicina baseada em evidências
title Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based Medicine
spellingShingle Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based Medicine
Montano-Pedroso, Juan Carlos
transfusão de sangue
anemia
procedimentos médicos e cirúrgicos sem sangue
preservação de sangue
blood transfusion
anemia
bloodless medical and surgical procedures
blood preservation
title_short Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based Medicine
title_full Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based Medicine
title_fullStr Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based Medicine
title_full_unstemmed Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based Medicine
title_sort Blood transfusion through the lens of Evidence-Based Medicine
author Montano-Pedroso, Juan Carlos
author_facet Montano-Pedroso, Juan Carlos
author_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Montano-Pedroso, Juan Carlos
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv transfusão de sangue
anemia
procedimentos médicos e cirúrgicos sem sangue
preservação de sangue
blood transfusion
anemia
bloodless medical and surgical procedures
blood preservation
topic transfusão de sangue
anemia
procedimentos médicos e cirúrgicos sem sangue
preservação de sangue
blood transfusion
anemia
bloodless medical and surgical procedures
blood preservation
description Introduction: Blood transfusion is a traditional, popular treatment and considered by society and the medical community as a treatment that has great benefits in reducing mortality. Evidence-based medicine is an approach to medical practice that aims at making decisions based on up-to-date scientific evidence tested by the scientific method. The objective of this study was to evaluate blood transfusion through the lens of evidence-based medicine. Methods: Non-systematic search of the literature, without restriction of type of study, date or language, in the scientific databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science, prioritizing publication of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Results: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials showed that more restrictive blood transfusion reduces mortality when compared to less restrictive transfusions. No randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of blood transfusion were found, setting up an uncertainty of the effect of both restrictive and liberal blood transfusion on mortality. Systematic review of the quality of guidelines on blood transfusion showed that the guidelines were carried out with low methodological rigor. Systematic review concluded that most studies did not demonstrate improvement of tissue oxygenation with blood transfusion. Systematic reviews of observational studies demonstrated an association of blood transfusion with increased mortality and all Bradford Hill causality criteria were met pointing to a causal relationship between blood transfusion and increased adverse outcomes. Systematic reviews have shown that both patients and physicians tend to overestimate the true benefits of treatments and underestimate their harms. Conclusion: The scientific evidence base for recommending blood transfusion is weak, with no robust evidence that the treatment reduces mortality. There is a significant accumulation of evidence showing worse clinical outcome with this treatment, revealing clear disagreement on how this treatment is perceived by society and the medical community. This leads to ethical and legal implications related to the quality of information that is offered to patients to obtain their informed consent and respect for their autonomy regarding the use of this treatment. The medical and legal communities, as well as society, should urgently re-evaluate blood transfusion under the principles of evidence-based medicine.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-08-08
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url https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/4544
identifier_str_mv 10.1590/SciELOPreprints.4544
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dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/article/view/4544/8750
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2022 Juan Carlos Montano-Pedroso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2022 Juan Carlos Montano-Pedroso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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SciELO Preprints
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