An??lise molecular dos impactos do cultivo de dendezeiros e do amarelecimento fatal sobre as comunidades de arqueias de solo amaz??nico

• Autor(a) principal: Tupinamb??, Daiva Domenech
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UCB
• Texto Completo: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/1976
• topic: Ci??ncias Gen??micas; Biotecnologia; Gen??tica; Ecologia microbiana; Pirosequenciamento; Biodiesel; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA

The Amazon rainforest is home to huge diversity of macro-species. However, little is known about the microbial diversity. The effect of land-use after deforestation is of great importance in the development of public policies. The metagenome were extracted from soils of native forest and an adjacent cultivated area with oil palm and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes of archaea communities present in those soils was used for phylogenetic characterization of the archaeal microbiota, in an unprecedented characterization of native Amazonian soil and soils cultivated with oil palm. All OTUs of the native forest soils and cultivated area with oil palm were classified into two phyla: Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. Thaumarchaeota phylum was predominant only in native forest. Euryarchaeota, especially methanogenic archaea, were prevalent in cultivated area with oil palm. Various genera involved in biogeochemical cycles, as AOA and methanogenic archaea, were identified in all samples. In native forest the genera with larger representation were Candidatus Nitrosotalea and Candidatus Nitrososphaera, AOAs. In the cultivated area with oil palm the genus with larger representation was Rice Cluster I. There is a direct correlation between levels of organic matter and total carbon and the diversity of archaea in Amazonian soils. In addition, anthropization also showed impact on this diversity. This is the first study to characterize the microbiota of archaea in Amazonian soils using specific primers and high-throughput sequencing. This work also characterize the archaeal communities in soils cultivated with oil palm with and without symptoms of Fatal Yellowing. The growth of world energy demand and concern with climate changes lead to a worldwide increase in the search for alternative sources of energy. Within this scenario, agroenergy presents itself as a viable alternative. However, there are still several limitations to the production of biofuels, such as efficiency and cost of the production process as well as the quality of the energy feedstock available. Palm oil is one of the most promising sources of oil for biodiesel production in Brazil, and the Fatal Yellowing (FY), a disease with unknown etiology, is limiting the use of palm. From the metagenome extracted from soils associated to oil palms with and without symptoms of FY was used pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes of archaeal communities for phylogenetic characterization, in an attempt of an association of some microorganism with FY, and an unprecedented characterization of soils cultivated with oil palms with and without FY. In the comparison among oil palms with and without FY symptoms, the three groups were different among then; group 8 showed higher diversity and had lower coverage. All groups presented two phyla: Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. There was prevalence of the second in all groups, with an increase in abundance of methanogenic archaea with FY. In the analysis of genera, significant differences between the groups were observed, especially for genera Rice Cluster I and Ca. Nitrosotalea, which showed an increase in abundance directly proportional to the increase of the FY symptoms. The genera Ca. Nitrososphera and Methanocella showed the opposite; a decrease in abundance with the increase of FY symptoms. However, it???s not possible to say that these genera are related to FY. This work is complementary to the study of bacterial microbiota of these soils, already performed; and the study of fungal microbiota, in progress. This is an unpublished study, which will contribute to future studies on the Fatal Yellowing.