Trajet??rias do envelhecimento: a constru????o de uma velhice satisfat??ria sob a perspectiva de mulheres idosas de diferentes classes sociais

• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Fabiana Moreira
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UCB
• Texto Completo: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2762
• topic: Idosos; Classe social; Narrativa pessoal; Personal narrative; Social class; Elderly; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE

Reach a satisfactory old age even with coexistence of adversities is one of the biggest challenges of Brazilian???s elderly of the 21st century. In other hand, studies indicate that socio-economic differences interfere with sources??? access or with its utilization - related to coping on life???s events, affecting life and health???s conditions. From here, the main objective of this project was to investigate the way elderly women from distinct social class have been through the life???s events as well as identify the main coping strategies adopted by them, also their comprehension of satisfactory old age. The data was collected at coexistence centers of two administrative regions of the Federal District; it was realized in two steps: the first one, the participants were selected by the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the second step was the life story interview. Eight women were selected with ages ranging from 68 to 82 years-old, cognitively healthy, without depression symptoms, four of whom were in the social class A according to the Scale of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP), called Group A, and four were in classes C1, C2 and D, called Group B. The guiding question of the interview was: "If your life was a book, how would you start to tell your story???? The data were analyzed qualitatively by Bardin's content analysis thematic. The narratives were grouped into thematic axes, which resulted in twelve categories as Social Class, Origin, Education, Work, Social Role of Women, Migration to DF, Housing, Social Network, Spirituality x Religion, Retirement x Aging, Events and, finally, Satisfactory Old Age. The women from Group B had rural origins, lower exposure to schooling, reduced levels of social support when migrating to Brasilia, bigger adversities on the installation in the new metropolis and occupations aimed at domestic work. The women from group B had ??? in their majority ??? urban origin, greater schooling, the presence of family social support when they moved to Brasilia and occupations of greater social prestige. The experience of the social role of women and comprehension of satisfactory old age varied between groups: group A, in addition to the role of mother, wife, highlighted the role of professional and recognized good old age on the basis of external attributes such as the presence of social network support and medical care; while in group B, the social roles of wives and mothers were highlighted and presented aspects of internal resources, such as faith, forgiveness, wisdom and help to others, in order to have a satisfactory old age. The common characteristics among the groups were about health and financial independence. In relation to life events and coping strategies, both groups used intrinsic resources (individual characteristics and spirituality). However, the elderly in group A showed that they can count on more extrinsic resources (social support network, work, income) as a means of facing up to the obstacles of life than compared with the elderly in group B. The extrinsic resources mentioned by Group B as "Food Basket" and "Government Program" emphasize the importance of social and public policy programs aimed to reducing social inequalities throughout their life. In short, the narratives emphasized the importance of educational and social influences in the construction of individual trajectories. Thus, the construction of a satisfactory old age seems to be subsidized by the life story of the participants. The data highlight the need to develop short-, medium- and long-term public policies in the context of the life-cycle in order to reduce the impact of the lack of access to goods and services in social classes with less access to goods and services.