A MADEIRA DE Populus deltoides OBTIDA DE ÁRVORES DE DIFERENTES IDADES E SEUS MULTIPRODUTOS

• Autor(a) principal: Sozim, Pâmela Caroline Lau
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UNICENTRO
• Texto Completo: http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1315
• topic: álamo; idade; propriedades da madeira; produtos de madeira; poplar; age; wood properties; wood products; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL; RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL

The Populus genus is widely cultivated in the Northern Hemisphere, due to its characteristics of rapid growth, hybridization potential, and adaptation to different edaphoclimatic conditions, among others. Among the species that make up this genus, Populus nigra and Populus deltoides are mainly cultivated. In Brazil, Populus deltoides is planted in the southern region, however, with the specific purpose of using its wood for the production of matchsticks. Thus, they have little knowledge of the characteristics of their wood and its employability. Therefore, this thesis was conducted aiming to determine the physical, chemical, anatomical and mechanical properties of the wood obtained from young trees of Populus deltoides and to evaluate the possibility of making multiproducts as a basis for the definition of forest management plans. From a commercial stand, trees were harvested at the ages of 8, 10 and 12 years, from which the wood used in this study was removed. Discs were removed at the base, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of commercial height, used to determine anatomical, chemical and physical properties, in addition to logs for determining mechanical properties and for experimental use of wood in the production of particles and veneers and MDP, HDP and plywood panels. For the anatomical characterization of Populus deltoides woods, the characteristics of straight grain, presence of tylus in the vessels, uniseriate homogeneous rays, absent or extremely rare axial parenchyma and increase in the dimensions of the vessel elements, rays and fibers with advancing age. For the chemical composition, the levels of extractives, insoluble lignin, pH, ash and volatile materials showed a growth trend due to the increase in age, while for the fixed carbon content the opposite occurred. Based on the anatomical characteristics and the chemical composition obtained for the species under study, its use as raw material for the production of paper and cellulose, solid wood and panel products is indicated, not being economically viable and in terms of energy efficiency its use for the production of charcoal. Populus deltoides woods are classified as low density and very unstable wood, belonging to the C20 resistance class according to the NBR 7190 standard, being indicated for structural and non-structural purposes. The use of Populus deltoides wood, pure or mixed with Pinus taeda, at the ages of 8 and 12 years, for the manufacture of MDP and HDP panels, enabled the obtaining of panels with better dimensional stability, in addition to mechanical properties that meet the minimum requirements standards established by NBR 14810-2 and ANSI A208.1. For the lamination process, better yield and classification of veneers were obtained for the wood of Populus deltoides at the age of 12 years. The use of veneers of Populus deltoides pure and in combination with Pinus taeda and, glued with ureaformaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde, provided high bonding quality of the plywood panels. The anatomical and chemical characterization, as well as the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of the wood of Populus deltoides at the ages of 8, 10 and 12 years, together with its characteristics of rapid growth and resistance to cold, demonstrated that this species can be an alternative for obtaining multiproducts in the southern region of the country, in addition to their use in conjunction with traditional species, mainly for the production of plywood panels and MDP and HDP panels.