The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoples
| Autor(a) principal: | |
|---|---|
| Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
| Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | por |
| Título da fonte: | Conhecer (Fortaleza) |
| Texto Completo: | https://revistas.uece.br/index.php/revistaconhecer/article/view/10184 |
Resumo: | Since the 2018 presidential campaign, Jair Bolsonaro announced to various audiences that, if elected, he would not demarcate a single additional centimeter of indigenous land. When he took office, in 2019, he sought to put into practice a new relationship between the State and indigenous peoples, especially reaching the hard core of Brazilian indigenous policy: the National Indian Foundation (Fundação Nacional do Índio [FUNAI]). In this context, this article aims to analyze the policies implemented by the FUNAI between 2019 and 2022 in light of national and international legislation, based, to this end, on the systematic study of news articles, infralegal normative acts, demonstrations by indigenous peoples, and case study on FUNAI’s actions in a specific lawsuit. The actions of the indigenous entity under Bolsonaro constitute a type of institutional violence, not yet defined by law; a rather direct type, since, in this case, the institutional mission of the body becomes reversed. It is the “termite invasion” that corrodes the structures, apparatus, procedures, norms, institutional routines from within, turning the FUNAI not only into an obsolete and inefficient institution in terms of execution, but, on the contrary, an extremely efficient institution in its new craft: favoring groups against the interests of indigenous peoples. |
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The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoplesLa FUNAI bajo Bolsonaro: de la “invasión de termitas” a la violencia institucional contra los pueblos indígenasLa FUNAI sous Bolsonaro : de « l’invasion des termites » à la violence institutionnelle contre les peuples indigènesA Funai sob Bolsonaro: da “cupinização” à violência institucional contra povos indígenasFunaiBolsonaropovos indígenaspolíticas anti-indígenasviolência institucionalFunaiBolsonaroIndigenous PeoplesAnti indigenous policiesInstitutional violencefunaiJair Bolsonaropueblos indígenaspolíticas anti-indígenasviolencia institucionalfunaiJair Bolsonaro populations indigènespolitiques anti-indigènesviolence institutionnelleSince the 2018 presidential campaign, Jair Bolsonaro announced to various audiences that, if elected, he would not demarcate a single additional centimeter of indigenous land. When he took office, in 2019, he sought to put into practice a new relationship between the State and indigenous peoples, especially reaching the hard core of Brazilian indigenous policy: the National Indian Foundation (Fundação Nacional do Índio [FUNAI]). In this context, this article aims to analyze the policies implemented by the FUNAI between 2019 and 2022 in light of national and international legislation, based, to this end, on the systematic study of news articles, infralegal normative acts, demonstrations by indigenous peoples, and case study on FUNAI’s actions in a specific lawsuit. The actions of the indigenous entity under Bolsonaro constitute a type of institutional violence, not yet defined by law; a rather direct type, since, in this case, the institutional mission of the body becomes reversed. It is the “termite invasion” that corrodes the structures, apparatus, procedures, norms, institutional routines from within, turning the FUNAI not only into an obsolete and inefficient institution in terms of execution, but, on the contrary, an extremely efficient institution in its new craft: favoring groups against the interests of indigenous peoples.Desde la campaña presidencial de 2018, Jair Bolsonaro anunció ante diversas audiencias que, de ser elegido, no demarcaría ni un solo centímetro más de tierra indígena. Cuando asumió la presidencia, en 2019, buscó poner en práctica una nueva relación entre el Estado y los pueblos indígenas, alcanzando especialmente el núcleo duro de la política indígena brasileña: la Fundación Nacional del Indio (Fundação Nacional do Índio [FUNAI]). En este contexto, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las políticas ejecutadas por la FUNAI entre 2019 y 2022 a la luz de la legislación nacional e internacional, basándose, para ello, en el estudio sistemático de artículos periodísticos, actos normativos infralegales, manifestaciones de pueblos indígenas, y estudio de caso sobre las acciones de la FUNAI en un juicio específico. Las acciones de la entidad indígena bajo Bolsonaro constituyen un tipo de violencia institucional, aún no definida por ley; un tipo bastante directo, ya que, en este caso, la misión institucional del organismo se invierte. Es la “invasión de termitas” que corroe desde dentro las estructuras, los aparatos, los procedimientos, las normas, las rutinas institucionales, convirtiendo a la FUNAI no sólo en una institución obsoleta e ineficiente en términos de ejecución, sino, por el contrario, en una institución extremadamente eficiente en su nuevo oficio: favorecer a grupos contrarios a los intereses de los pueblos indígenas.Depuis la campagne présidentielle de 2018, Jair Bolsonaro a annoncé à diverses audiences que, s’il était élu, il ne délimiterait pas un centimètre supplémentaire de terre indigène. Lorsqu’il a accédé à la présidence, en 2019, il a cherché à mettre en œuvre une nouvelle relation entre l’État et les peuples indigènes, touchant particulièrement le noyau dur de la politique indigène brésilienne : la Fondation Nationale des Indiens (Fundação Nacional do Índio [FUNAI]). Dans ce contexte, cet article vise à analyser les politiques mises en œuvre par la FUNAI entre 2019 et 2022 à la lumière de la législation nationale et internationale, en s'appuyant donc sur l'étude systématique des articles journalistiques, des actes normatifs infralégaux, des manifestations des peuples indigènes et d'une étude de cas sur les actions de la FUNAI dans un procès spécifique. Les actions de l’entité indigène sous Bolsonaro constituent un type de violence institutionnelle non encore définie par la loi ; un type plutôt direct puisque, dans ce cas, la mission institutionnelle de l'organisme est inversée. C'est l'« invasion des termites » qui ronge de l'intérieur les structures, les dispositifs, les procédures, les règles, les routines institutionnelles, transformant la FUNAI non seulement en une institution obsolète et inefficace en termes d'exécution, mais, au contraire, en une institution extrêmement efficace dans son nouveau métier : favoriser des groupes contraires aux intérêts des peuples indigènes.Desde a campanha presidencial de 2018, Jair Bolsonaro anunciava para diversos públicos que, se eleito, não demarcaria mais um centímetro de terra indígena. Ao iniciar seu mandato, em 2019, buscou colocar em prática uma nova relação entre o Estado e os povos indígenas, atingindo principalmente o núcleo duro da política indigenista brasileira: a Fundação Nacional do Índio (Funai)[1]. Nesse contexto, este artigo visa a analisar as políticas executadas pela Funai entre 2019 e 2022 à luz da legislação nacional e internacional, baseando-se, para tanto, no estudo sistemático de matérias jornalísticas, de instrumentos normativos infralegais, de manifestações dos povos indígenas e no estudo de caso sobre as ações da Funai em uma ação judicial específica. A atuação da entidade indigenista sob Bolsonaro configura um tipo de violência institucional, ainda não definido em lei; um tipo mais direto, uma vez que, nesse caso, a missão institucional do órgão passa a ser invertida. É a “cupinização” que corrói por dentro as estruturas, os aparatos, os procedimentos, as normas, as rotinas institucionais, tornando a Funai não apenas uma instância obsoleta e ineficiente em termos de execução, mas, ao contrário, uma instituição extremamente eficiente no seu novo mister: favorecer grupos contrários aos interesses dos povos indígenas. [1] Utilizamos, aqui, a nomenclatura anterior da atual Fundação Nacional dos Povos Indígenas, já que estamos retratando um período histórico específico (entre 2019 e 2022).EdUECE2023-08-07info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://revistas.uece.br/index.php/revistaconhecer/article/view/1018410.32335/2238-0426.2023.13.31.10184Conhecer: debate entre o público e o privado; v. 13 n. 31 (2023); 11-392238-0426reponame:Conhecer (Fortaleza)instname:Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE)instacron:UECEporhttps://revistas.uece.br/index.php/revistaconhecer/article/view/10184/10408Copyright (c) 2023 Conhecer: debate entre o público e o privadohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessNóbrega, Luciana Nogueira2024-01-15T12:21:25Zoai:ojs.revistas.uece.br:article/10184Revistahttps://revistas.uece.br/index.php/revistaconhecer/indexPUBhttps://revistas.uece.br/index.php/revistaconhecer/oaifhsfgm@gmail.com||revistaconhecer@uece.br2238-04262238-0426opendoar:2024-01-15T12:21:25Conhecer (Fortaleza) - Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE)false |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoples La FUNAI bajo Bolsonaro: de la “invasión de termitas” a la violencia institucional contra los pueblos indígenas La FUNAI sous Bolsonaro : de « l’invasion des termites » à la violence institutionnelle contre les peuples indigènes A Funai sob Bolsonaro: da “cupinização” à violência institucional contra povos indígenas |
| title |
The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoples |
| spellingShingle |
The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoples Nóbrega, Luciana Nogueira Funai Bolsonaro povos indígenas políticas anti-indígenas violência institucional Funai Bolsonaro Indigenous Peoples Anti indigenous policies Institutional violence funai Jair Bolsonaro pueblos indígenas políticas anti-indígenas violencia institucional funai Jair Bolsonaro populations indigènes politiques anti-indigènes violence institutionnelle |
| title_short |
The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoples |
| title_full |
The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoples |
| title_fullStr |
The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoples |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoples |
| title_sort |
The FUNAI under Bolsonaro: : from “termite invasion” to institutional violence against indigenous peoples |
| author |
Nóbrega, Luciana Nogueira |
| author_facet |
Nóbrega, Luciana Nogueira |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Nóbrega, Luciana Nogueira |
| dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Funai Bolsonaro povos indígenas políticas anti-indígenas violência institucional Funai Bolsonaro Indigenous Peoples Anti indigenous policies Institutional violence funai Jair Bolsonaro pueblos indígenas políticas anti-indígenas violencia institucional funai Jair Bolsonaro populations indigènes politiques anti-indigènes violence institutionnelle |
| topic |
Funai Bolsonaro povos indígenas políticas anti-indígenas violência institucional Funai Bolsonaro Indigenous Peoples Anti indigenous policies Institutional violence funai Jair Bolsonaro pueblos indígenas políticas anti-indígenas violencia institucional funai Jair Bolsonaro populations indigènes politiques anti-indigènes violence institutionnelle |
| description |
Since the 2018 presidential campaign, Jair Bolsonaro announced to various audiences that, if elected, he would not demarcate a single additional centimeter of indigenous land. When he took office, in 2019, he sought to put into practice a new relationship between the State and indigenous peoples, especially reaching the hard core of Brazilian indigenous policy: the National Indian Foundation (Fundação Nacional do Índio [FUNAI]). In this context, this article aims to analyze the policies implemented by the FUNAI between 2019 and 2022 in light of national and international legislation, based, to this end, on the systematic study of news articles, infralegal normative acts, demonstrations by indigenous peoples, and case study on FUNAI’s actions in a specific lawsuit. The actions of the indigenous entity under Bolsonaro constitute a type of institutional violence, not yet defined by law; a rather direct type, since, in this case, the institutional mission of the body becomes reversed. It is the “termite invasion” that corrodes the structures, apparatus, procedures, norms, institutional routines from within, turning the FUNAI not only into an obsolete and inefficient institution in terms of execution, but, on the contrary, an extremely efficient institution in its new craft: favoring groups against the interests of indigenous peoples. |
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2023 |
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2023-08-07 |
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Conhecer: debate entre o público e o privado; v. 13 n. 31 (2023); 11-39 2238-0426 reponame:Conhecer (Fortaleza) instname:Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE) instacron:UECE |
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