Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) |
Texto Completo: | https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439 |
Resumo: | This study aimed to evaluate the association between diarrhea and risk factors potentially related to diarrhea incidence, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Eimeria and nematode infection, animal age, failure to transfer passive immunity, type of fertilization (artificial insemination - AI, in vitro production of embryos - IVP and natural breeding), mother (heifer/cow) and birth weight of heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches on a dairy farm. The database used in the present study refers to a weekly survey of a cohort of 118 heifer calves from birth to 100 days of age. A logistic generalized additive model (GAM) was fit to evaluate the functional relationship between the risk of diarrhea occurrence and birth weight. For analysis purposes, the database was divided into calves up to 30 days old and calves 31 to 100 days old. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models via generalized estimating equations. All variables were included in the models and were removed oneby-one according to Wald statistics to obtain the final model. The relative risks (RR) and their respective 90% confidence intervals were estimated. The final model for calves up to 30 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.33 (90% CI 0.14; 0.75)] is a protective factor and that Cryptosporidium spp. infection [RR=1.95 (90% CI 1.22; 3.12)] is a risk factor. Although not statistically significant [RR=1.46 (90% CI 0.98; 2.18)], failure to transfer passive immunity increases the risk of diarrhea. The final model for calves 31 - 100 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.50 (90% IC 0.28; 0.89)] and birth weight ? 40 kg [RR=0.65 (90% CI 0.47; 0.89)] are protective factors. In this age group, Cryptosporidium spp. infection has no statistical significance [RR=1.25 (90% CI 0.95; 1.64)]. These results indicate that some of the diarrhea episodes observed in animals up to 30 days old could be explained by Cryptosporidium infection; therefore, better monitoring of these animals is recommended. Greater care in colostrum administration is suggested because animals with hypoglobulinemia are more sensitive to diarrhea occurrence. Although attention should be given to all animals with a low birth weight, special care should be given to those 31 to 100 days old. |
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Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) |
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Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFatores de risco para diarreia em uma coorte de bezerras leiteiras criadas em sistema de abrigos individuais em piquete, município de Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilEpidemiologyGeneralized estimating equationsLogistic regression modelLongitudinal study.EpidemiologiaEquações estimadas generalizadasEstudo longitudinalModelo de regressão logistica.This study aimed to evaluate the association between diarrhea and risk factors potentially related to diarrhea incidence, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Eimeria and nematode infection, animal age, failure to transfer passive immunity, type of fertilization (artificial insemination - AI, in vitro production of embryos - IVP and natural breeding), mother (heifer/cow) and birth weight of heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches on a dairy farm. The database used in the present study refers to a weekly survey of a cohort of 118 heifer calves from birth to 100 days of age. A logistic generalized additive model (GAM) was fit to evaluate the functional relationship between the risk of diarrhea occurrence and birth weight. For analysis purposes, the database was divided into calves up to 30 days old and calves 31 to 100 days old. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models via generalized estimating equations. All variables were included in the models and were removed oneby-one according to Wald statistics to obtain the final model. The relative risks (RR) and their respective 90% confidence intervals were estimated. The final model for calves up to 30 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.33 (90% CI 0.14; 0.75)] is a protective factor and that Cryptosporidium spp. infection [RR=1.95 (90% CI 1.22; 3.12)] is a risk factor. Although not statistically significant [RR=1.46 (90% CI 0.98; 2.18)], failure to transfer passive immunity increases the risk of diarrhea. The final model for calves 31 - 100 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.50 (90% IC 0.28; 0.89)] and birth weight ? 40 kg [RR=0.65 (90% CI 0.47; 0.89)] are protective factors. In this age group, Cryptosporidium spp. infection has no statistical significance [RR=1.25 (90% CI 0.95; 1.64)]. These results indicate that some of the diarrhea episodes observed in animals up to 30 days old could be explained by Cryptosporidium infection; therefore, better monitoring of these animals is recommended. Greater care in colostrum administration is suggested because animals with hypoglobulinemia are more sensitive to diarrhea occurrence. Although attention should be given to all animals with a low birth weight, special care should be given to those 31 to 100 days old.Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a associação entre a diarreia e os possíveis fatores de risco para sua incidência, tais como: infecção por Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Eimeria e nematóides, idade, falha na transferência de imunidade passiva, tipo de fertilização (Inseminação artificial - IA, Produção in vitro de embriões PIVE e monta natural), mãe (novilha/vaca) e peso ao nascer, em bezerras criadas sob sistema de abrigo individual em piquete, em uma fazenda de produção leiteira. O banco de dados utilizado refere-se ao acompanhamento semanal de uma coorte de 118 bezerras do nascimento aos cem dias de idade. Um modelo logístico aditivo generalizado (GAM) foi ajustado para avaliar a relação funcional entre o risco de ser acometido por diarreia e o peso ao nascer. Para fins de análise, o banco de dados foi dividido em bezerras até 30 dias de idade e de 31 a 100 dias de idade. Análises bivariadas e multivariadas foram realizadas utilizando-se os modelos de regressão logística via equações estimadas generalizadas. Todas as variáveis foram incluídas nos modelos, sendo retiradas uma a uma, segundo a estatística de Wald, até a obtenção do modelo final. Foram estimados os riscos relativos (RR) e seus respectivos intervalos com 90% de confiança. O modelo final para bezerras com até 30 dias de idade mostrou evidências de que o tipo de fertilização PIVE [RR= 0,33 (IC 90% 0,14; 0,75)] é um fator de proteção e a infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. [RR= 1,95 (IC 90% 1,22; 3,12)] um fator de risco. Embora, sem significância estatística [RR=1,46 (IC 90% 0,98; 2,18)], a falha na transferência de imunidade passiva aumenta o risco de diarreia. O modelo final, para bezerras de 31 a 100 dias de idade, mostrou evidências de que PIVE [RR=0,50 (IC 90% 0,28; 0,89)] e peso ao nascer ? 40 kg [RR= 0,65 (IC 90% 0,47; 0,89)] são fatores de proteção. Nesta faixa etária, a infecção por Cryptosporidium spp não tem significância estatística [RR= 1,25 (IC 90% 0,95; 1,64)]. Estes resultados indicam que parte da diarreia observada na faixa etária até 30 dias pode ser explicada pela infecção por Cryptosporidium, recomendando-se um melhor acompanhamento dos animais. Sugere-se maior cuidado na administração do colostro, visto que animais com hipoglobulinemia são mais sensíveis à ocorrência de diarreia. Embora, deva ser dispensada atenção a todos os animais com baixo peso ao nascer, especial cuidado deve ser dado àqueles na faixa etária de 31 a 100 dias.UEL2016-10-26info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionEmpírica de Campoapplication/pdfapplication/mswordapplication/mswordapplication/mswordapplication/mswordapplication/mswordapplication/mswordapplication/pdfimage/tiffimage/tiffapplication/pdfapplication/mswordapplication/pdfhttps://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/2343910.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p3159Semina: Ciências Agrárias; Vol. 37 No. 5 (2016); 3159-3172Semina: Ciências Agrárias; v. 37 n. 5 (2016); 3159-31721679-03591676-546Xreponame:Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online)instname:Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)instacron:UELenghttps://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/19820https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36719https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36720https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36721https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36722https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36723https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36724https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36725https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36726https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36727https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/37985https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/37986https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/38269Fagundes, Thais FerreiraVidal, Letícia Gabriela PobleteAlves, Pedro Afonso MoreiraTassinari, Wagner de SouzaMenezes, Rita de Cássia Alves Alcântara deFonseca, Adevair Henrique daPereira, Maria Julia Saliminfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2016-11-04T10:05:04Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/23439Revistahttp://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrariasPUBhttps://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/oaisemina.agrarias@uel.br1679-03591676-546Xopendoar:2016-11-04T10:05:04Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) - Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Fatores de risco para diarreia em uma coorte de bezerras leiteiras criadas em sistema de abrigos individuais em piquete, município de Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
title |
Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Fagundes, Thais Ferreira Epidemiology Generalized estimating equations Logistic regression model Longitudinal study. Epidemiologia Equações estimadas generalizadas Estudo longitudinal Modelo de regressão logistica. |
title_short |
Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
title_full |
Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
title_sort |
Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
author |
Fagundes, Thais Ferreira |
author_facet |
Fagundes, Thais Ferreira Vidal, Letícia Gabriela Poblete Alves, Pedro Afonso Moreira Tassinari, Wagner de Souza Menezes, Rita de Cássia Alves Alcântara de Fonseca, Adevair Henrique da Pereira, Maria Julia Salim |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Vidal, Letícia Gabriela Poblete Alves, Pedro Afonso Moreira Tassinari, Wagner de Souza Menezes, Rita de Cássia Alves Alcântara de Fonseca, Adevair Henrique da Pereira, Maria Julia Salim |
author2_role |
author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Fagundes, Thais Ferreira Vidal, Letícia Gabriela Poblete Alves, Pedro Afonso Moreira Tassinari, Wagner de Souza Menezes, Rita de Cássia Alves Alcântara de Fonseca, Adevair Henrique da Pereira, Maria Julia Salim |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Epidemiology Generalized estimating equations Logistic regression model Longitudinal study. Epidemiologia Equações estimadas generalizadas Estudo longitudinal Modelo de regressão logistica. |
topic |
Epidemiology Generalized estimating equations Logistic regression model Longitudinal study. Epidemiologia Equações estimadas generalizadas Estudo longitudinal Modelo de regressão logistica. |
description |
This study aimed to evaluate the association between diarrhea and risk factors potentially related to diarrhea incidence, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Eimeria and nematode infection, animal age, failure to transfer passive immunity, type of fertilization (artificial insemination - AI, in vitro production of embryos - IVP and natural breeding), mother (heifer/cow) and birth weight of heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches on a dairy farm. The database used in the present study refers to a weekly survey of a cohort of 118 heifer calves from birth to 100 days of age. A logistic generalized additive model (GAM) was fit to evaluate the functional relationship between the risk of diarrhea occurrence and birth weight. For analysis purposes, the database was divided into calves up to 30 days old and calves 31 to 100 days old. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models via generalized estimating equations. All variables were included in the models and were removed oneby-one according to Wald statistics to obtain the final model. The relative risks (RR) and their respective 90% confidence intervals were estimated. The final model for calves up to 30 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.33 (90% CI 0.14; 0.75)] is a protective factor and that Cryptosporidium spp. infection [RR=1.95 (90% CI 1.22; 3.12)] is a risk factor. Although not statistically significant [RR=1.46 (90% CI 0.98; 2.18)], failure to transfer passive immunity increases the risk of diarrhea. The final model for calves 31 - 100 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.50 (90% IC 0.28; 0.89)] and birth weight ? 40 kg [RR=0.65 (90% CI 0.47; 0.89)] are protective factors. In this age group, Cryptosporidium spp. infection has no statistical significance [RR=1.25 (90% CI 0.95; 1.64)]. These results indicate that some of the diarrhea episodes observed in animals up to 30 days old could be explained by Cryptosporidium infection; therefore, better monitoring of these animals is recommended. Greater care in colostrum administration is suggested because animals with hypoglobulinemia are more sensitive to diarrhea occurrence. Although attention should be given to all animals with a low birth weight, special care should be given to those 31 to 100 days old. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016-10-26 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Empírica de Campo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p3159 |
url |
https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p3159 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/19820 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36719 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36720 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36721 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36722 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36723 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36724 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36725 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36726 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/36727 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/37985 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/37986 https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/23439/38269 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
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application/pdf application/msword application/msword application/msword application/msword application/msword application/msword application/pdf image/tiff image/tiff application/pdf application/msword application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
UEL |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
UEL |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Semina: Ciências Agrárias; Vol. 37 No. 5 (2016); 3159-3172 Semina: Ciências Agrárias; v. 37 n. 5 (2016); 3159-3172 1679-0359 1676-546X reponame:Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) instname:Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) instacron:UEL |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) |
instacron_str |
UEL |
institution |
UEL |
reponame_str |
Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) |
collection |
Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) - Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
semina.agrarias@uel.br |
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1750315423225610240 |