Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) |
Texto Completo: | https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/33091 |
Resumo: | The present study reports two outbreaks of salt poisoning in goats on a property in the state of Pará, Brazil. The outbreaks occurred in July and August 2011 when young and adult goats received a mineral mixture after approximately three days of restriction from the supplement. The animals were kept in barns with a high stocking density and had an inadequate supply of water. In the second outbreak, the goats were supplemented too with brewery residue added to 3.3% of the mixture mineral. From a flock of 191 goats, 12 animals (nine crossbreeds, two Anglo-Nubians and one Boer) showed nervous symptomatology, and the morbidity rate was 6.28%. The most frequent clinical signs were head lowering, head tilt, muscle weakness, mydriasis and ataxia. Three goats died, four recovered spontaneously from the first outbreak, and five recovered from the second outbreak over three days after treatment with dexamethasone, thiamine and gradual water supply. The lethality rate was 25%. In two animals, necropsy was performed, and no macro- or microscopic alterations in the nervous system or other organs were observed. These negative pathological findings indicate that the neurological clinical signs were initiated by functional disturbances in the central nervous system. In the brain, a high sodium concentration (3703 and 3675 ppm), compared with the reference values for cattle was detected. Normonatremia was observed in the sick goats, and hypernatremia was observed in the goats from the same lot of affected animals based on blood serum samples obtained before the first outbreak. These results pointed out that the goats were consuming high sodium concentrations. Normal values for the sick animals were assigned after rapid osmotic control via adequate water intake. We conclude that the salt poisoning on the goats occurred due to a high intake of the mineral mixture caused by management errors and associated with water restrictions. |
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Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, BrazilSurto de intoxicação por sal em caprinos no estado do Pará, BrasilNeurologic diseasesSmall ruminantsToxicitySodium chloride.Pequenos ruminantesDoença NeurológicaIntoxicaçãoCloreto de sódio.The present study reports two outbreaks of salt poisoning in goats on a property in the state of Pará, Brazil. The outbreaks occurred in July and August 2011 when young and adult goats received a mineral mixture after approximately three days of restriction from the supplement. The animals were kept in barns with a high stocking density and had an inadequate supply of water. In the second outbreak, the goats were supplemented too with brewery residue added to 3.3% of the mixture mineral. From a flock of 191 goats, 12 animals (nine crossbreeds, two Anglo-Nubians and one Boer) showed nervous symptomatology, and the morbidity rate was 6.28%. The most frequent clinical signs were head lowering, head tilt, muscle weakness, mydriasis and ataxia. Three goats died, four recovered spontaneously from the first outbreak, and five recovered from the second outbreak over three days after treatment with dexamethasone, thiamine and gradual water supply. The lethality rate was 25%. In two animals, necropsy was performed, and no macro- or microscopic alterations in the nervous system or other organs were observed. These negative pathological findings indicate that the neurological clinical signs were initiated by functional disturbances in the central nervous system. In the brain, a high sodium concentration (3703 and 3675 ppm), compared with the reference values for cattle was detected. Normonatremia was observed in the sick goats, and hypernatremia was observed in the goats from the same lot of affected animals based on blood serum samples obtained before the first outbreak. These results pointed out that the goats were consuming high sodium concentrations. Normal values for the sick animals were assigned after rapid osmotic control via adequate water intake. We conclude that the salt poisoning on the goats occurred due to a high intake of the mineral mixture caused by management errors and associated with water restrictions.Este trabalho relata dois surtos de intoxicação por sal em caprinos em uma propriedade no estado do Pará, Brasil. Os surtos ocorreram em julho e agosto de 2011 quando caprinos jovens e adultos receberam mistura mineral, após cerca de três dias de restrição do suplemento. Os animais estavam estabulados em baias com lotação acima do recomendado e os bebedouros não atendiam um adequado fornecimento de água. No segundo surto, os caprinos foram suplementados adicionalmente com resíduos de cervejaria acrescido de 3,3% de mistura mineral. De um total de 191 caprinos, nove mestiços, dois Anglonubianos e um Boer, apresentaram sintomatologia nervosa observando-se taxa de morbidade de 6,28%. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram fraqueza muscular, relutância ao movimento, rotação lateral da cabeça com o pescoço estendido e cabeça baixa. Três caprinos morreram, quatro do primeiro surto recuperaram-se espontaneamente, e cinco recuperarm-se após três dias de tratamento com dexametasona, tiamina e fornecimento gradual de água. A taxa de letalidade foi de 25%. Em dois animais necropsiados, não foram observadas alterações macro e microscópicas no sistema nervoso e em outros órgãos. Estes resultados negativos apontaram que os sinais clínicos neurológicos foram desencadeados por distúrbios funcionais no sistema nervoso central. No cérebro destes dois, havia altas concentrações de sódio (3703 e 3675 ppm), quando comparado com valores de referência para bovinos. Observou-se normonatremia nos caprinos doentes e hipernatremia nos caprinos pertencentes ao mesmo lote dos animais doentes em amostras de sangue obtidas antes do primeiro surto. Estes valores apontaram que os caprinos estavam consumindo altas concentrações de sódio. Os valores normais observados nos animais doentes foram atribuídos ao controle osmótico rápido após a devida ingestão de água. Conclui-se que a intoxicação por sal nos caprinos ocorreu devido à ingestão elevada da mistura mineral, após erro de manejo, associada à restrição hídrica.UEL2019-04-15info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/3309110.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p687Semina: Ciências Agrárias; Vol. 40 No. 2 (2019); 687-700Semina: Ciências Agrárias; v. 40 n. 2 (2019); 687-7001679-03591676-546Xreponame:Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online)instname:Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)instacron:UELenghttps://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/33091/25256Copyright (c) 2019 Semina: Ciências Agráriashttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessDuarte, Marcos DutraBezerra Júnior, Pedro SoaresBomjardim, Henrique dos AnjosSilva, Natália da Silva eSilveira, José Alcides Sarmento daFaial, Kelson do Carmo FreitasAlbernaz, Tatiane TelezBarbosa, José Diomedes2022-10-19T14:14:07Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/33091Revistahttp://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrariasPUBhttps://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/oaisemina.agrarias@uel.br1679-03591676-546Xopendoar:2022-10-19T14:14:07Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) - Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil Surto de intoxicação por sal em caprinos no estado do Pará, Brasil |
title |
Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil Duarte, Marcos Dutra Neurologic diseases Small ruminants Toxicity Sodium chloride. Pequenos ruminantes Doença Neurológica Intoxicação Cloreto de sódio. |
title_short |
Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil |
title_full |
Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil |
title_sort |
Outbreak of salt poisoning in goats in the state of Pará, Brazil |
author |
Duarte, Marcos Dutra |
author_facet |
Duarte, Marcos Dutra Bezerra Júnior, Pedro Soares Bomjardim, Henrique dos Anjos Silva, Natália da Silva e Silveira, José Alcides Sarmento da Faial, Kelson do Carmo Freitas Albernaz, Tatiane Telez Barbosa, José Diomedes |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Bezerra Júnior, Pedro Soares Bomjardim, Henrique dos Anjos Silva, Natália da Silva e Silveira, José Alcides Sarmento da Faial, Kelson do Carmo Freitas Albernaz, Tatiane Telez Barbosa, José Diomedes |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Duarte, Marcos Dutra Bezerra Júnior, Pedro Soares Bomjardim, Henrique dos Anjos Silva, Natália da Silva e Silveira, José Alcides Sarmento da Faial, Kelson do Carmo Freitas Albernaz, Tatiane Telez Barbosa, José Diomedes |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Neurologic diseases Small ruminants Toxicity Sodium chloride. Pequenos ruminantes Doença Neurológica Intoxicação Cloreto de sódio. |
topic |
Neurologic diseases Small ruminants Toxicity Sodium chloride. Pequenos ruminantes Doença Neurológica Intoxicação Cloreto de sódio. |
description |
The present study reports two outbreaks of salt poisoning in goats on a property in the state of Pará, Brazil. The outbreaks occurred in July and August 2011 when young and adult goats received a mineral mixture after approximately three days of restriction from the supplement. The animals were kept in barns with a high stocking density and had an inadequate supply of water. In the second outbreak, the goats were supplemented too with brewery residue added to 3.3% of the mixture mineral. From a flock of 191 goats, 12 animals (nine crossbreeds, two Anglo-Nubians and one Boer) showed nervous symptomatology, and the morbidity rate was 6.28%. The most frequent clinical signs were head lowering, head tilt, muscle weakness, mydriasis and ataxia. Three goats died, four recovered spontaneously from the first outbreak, and five recovered from the second outbreak over three days after treatment with dexamethasone, thiamine and gradual water supply. The lethality rate was 25%. In two animals, necropsy was performed, and no macro- or microscopic alterations in the nervous system or other organs were observed. These negative pathological findings indicate that the neurological clinical signs were initiated by functional disturbances in the central nervous system. In the brain, a high sodium concentration (3703 and 3675 ppm), compared with the reference values for cattle was detected. Normonatremia was observed in the sick goats, and hypernatremia was observed in the goats from the same lot of affected animals based on blood serum samples obtained before the first outbreak. These results pointed out that the goats were consuming high sodium concentrations. Normal values for the sick animals were assigned after rapid osmotic control via adequate water intake. We conclude that the salt poisoning on the goats occurred due to a high intake of the mineral mixture caused by management errors and associated with water restrictions. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-04-15 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/33091 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p687 |
url |
https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/33091 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p687 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/view/33091/25256 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2019 Semina: Ciências Agrárias http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2019 Semina: Ciências Agrárias http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
UEL |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
UEL |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Semina: Ciências Agrárias; Vol. 40 No. 2 (2019); 687-700 Semina: Ciências Agrárias; v. 40 n. 2 (2019); 687-700 1679-0359 1676-546X reponame:Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) instname:Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) instacron:UEL |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) |
instacron_str |
UEL |
institution |
UEL |
reponame_str |
Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) |
collection |
Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Semina. Ciências Agrárias (Online) - Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
semina.agrarias@uel.br |
_version_ |
1799306079757139968 |