Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneas
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2012 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM) |
dARK ID: | ark:/35916/00130000060rv |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/4343 |
Resumo: | Over the last few years the preoccupation with the environment where we live, in the light of the scientific community, has raised a debate on global warming, climate changes, shortage of fuel and even discussions about the competition between the crops which are aimed at human food and their utilization as a source of energy. Taking into account all these factors, this work aimed at working with a plant which fits positively in all above aspects: Jatrofha curcas L., commonly known in Brazil as Physic nut, whose oil features in its composition in fatty acid the predominance of oleic and linoleic acid. As acid catalyst esterification can be a process to obtain esters from raw materials with acidity above the levels indicated to transesterification, such process was used in this present work. Therefore, this is a relatively new method and reports on its utilization for the production of biodiesel are still scarce in the published literature. Thus, the physic nut oil was extracted by mechanical press; it presented acidity 12.58% (mg KOH/g). It was used ethanol due to its utilization in Brazil, its renewable and environmentally beneficial nature besides its low toxicity. Sulfuric and hydrochloric acid were used as catalyst. It was found that the great concentration of the oil acidity of the jatrofha curcas is in its peel. The solvent extraction provided yield of 65% in oil against 26% obtained by mechanical extraction of the grains in pre-heated press. The acid esterification, in single step, occurred in closed reactor in batch system. The temperature of 100 °C has shown to be the most suitable and it presented the double of the esters yields if compared to the hydrochloric acid. The amount of 1% of sulfuric acid has provided the highest yields in ethyl esters. Furthermore, ethanol utilization as an esterification agent led to superior yields than methanol utilization. The molar ratio of alcohol: oil (20:1) was considered the most appropriate to the esterification reaction. It was found that to molar ratios superior to that, the yield in ester presented a significant drop. It was also found that water is a decisive parameter to the esterification since it influences negatively the yields. This was stressed by using ethanol 95% m/m. The transfer is minimal above 400 rpm. The results also showed that pressure hasA significant role the simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions. With pressures higher tham 300 psi, no significant variation in the yield of ester was observed when compared to the 85% value obtained with the use of only 40 psi pressure in the reactor (autogenous pressure). |
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Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneasBiodieselÓleos vegetaisTransesterificação e esterificaçãoReações simultâneasÓleo de pinhão mansoÉsteres etílicosBrasil.TransesterificationEsterificationJatrofha curcas LoilEthyl estersBrazil.EngenhariasEngenharia BiomédicaOver the last few years the preoccupation with the environment where we live, in the light of the scientific community, has raised a debate on global warming, climate changes, shortage of fuel and even discussions about the competition between the crops which are aimed at human food and their utilization as a source of energy. Taking into account all these factors, this work aimed at working with a plant which fits positively in all above aspects: Jatrofha curcas L., commonly known in Brazil as Physic nut, whose oil features in its composition in fatty acid the predominance of oleic and linoleic acid. As acid catalyst esterification can be a process to obtain esters from raw materials with acidity above the levels indicated to transesterification, such process was used in this present work. Therefore, this is a relatively new method and reports on its utilization for the production of biodiesel are still scarce in the published literature. Thus, the physic nut oil was extracted by mechanical press; it presented acidity 12.58% (mg KOH/g). It was used ethanol due to its utilization in Brazil, its renewable and environmentally beneficial nature besides its low toxicity. Sulfuric and hydrochloric acid were used as catalyst. It was found that the great concentration of the oil acidity of the jatrofha curcas is in its peel. The solvent extraction provided yield of 65% in oil against 26% obtained by mechanical extraction of the grains in pre-heated press. The acid esterification, in single step, occurred in closed reactor in batch system. The temperature of 100 °C has shown to be the most suitable and it presented the double of the esters yields if compared to the hydrochloric acid. The amount of 1% of sulfuric acid has provided the highest yields in ethyl esters. Furthermore, ethanol utilization as an esterification agent led to superior yields than methanol utilization. The molar ratio of alcohol: oil (20:1) was considered the most appropriate to the esterification reaction. It was found that to molar ratios superior to that, the yield in ester presented a significant drop. It was also found that water is a decisive parameter to the esterification since it influences negatively the yields. This was stressed by using ethanol 95% m/m. The transfer is minimal above 400 rpm. The results also showed that pressure hasA significant role the simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions. With pressures higher tham 300 psi, no significant variation in the yield of ester was observed when compared to the 85% value obtained with the use of only 40 psi pressure in the reactor (autogenous pressure).A preocupação com o ambiente no qual vivemos, nos útimos anos, tem trazido à luz da comunidade científica o debate sobre aquecimento global, mudanças climáticas, escassez dos combustíveis e até mesmo sobre competição entre culturas que são destinadas à alimentação humana e o seu aproveitamento como fonte de energia. Mediante todos estes aspectos, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo trabalhar com uma planta que se enquadra de maneira positiva em todos os aspectos acima citados, a Jatrofha curcas L., comumente conhecida no Brasil como pinhão manso, cujo óleo apresenta em sua composição ácidos graxos com a predominância dos ácidos oléico e linoléico. Considerando que o processo de transesterificação não é indicado para matérias-primas que apresentam valores de acidez superiores a 0,5 mg de KOH/g de óleo, optou-se por utilizar o processo de reação simultânea de transesterificação e esterificação. No entanto, este método de reações simultâneas é relativamente novo e relatos sobre a sua utilização para a produção de biodiesel ainda é incipiente na literatura. Assim, o óleo de pinhão manso foi extraído por prensa mecânica, o qual apresentou uma acidez de 12,58 mg de KOH/g de óleo. Os alcoóis utilizados nas reações foram o metanol e o etanol e como catalisador utilizou-se ácido sulfúrico e ácido clorídrico. Verificou-se que a maior contribuição para a acidez elevada do óleo de pinhão manso está nas cascas. A extração por solvente proporcionou um rendimento de 65% em óleo contra 26% obtido com a extração mecânica dos grãos em prensas pré-aquecidas. As reações simultâneas foram realizadas em única etapa e ocorreram em sistema batelada. Para as reações simultâneas de transesterificação e esterificação a utilização de temperatura de 100 ºC, com etanol anidro e 1% de ácido sulfúrico como catalisador levou à obtenção de rendimentos em ésteres de 85%, resultados superiores aos obtidos com a utilização de metanol e ácido clorídrico. Além disso, a razão molar álcool:óleo, de 20:1, foi considerada ótima para as reações simultâneas de transesterificação e esterificação. Também, foi verificado que a presença de água é um parâmetro que influencia de forma significativa, pois há uma diminuição no rendimento em ésteres (60%) com a utilização de etanol 95% m/m, em relação à utilização de álcool 99,5% m/m (anidro). A avaliação da influência da velocidade de agitação indicou que a limitação à transferência de massa é mínima acima de 400 rpm. Os resultados mostraram, ainda, que a pressão exerce papel significativo para as reações simultâneas de transesterificação e esterificação. Com pressões superiores a 300 psi não se observa variação significativa no rendimento em ésteres, quando comparado ao valor de 85% obtido com o uso de apenas 40 psi de pressão no reator (pressão autógena).61 fUniversidade Estadual de MaringáBrasilDepartamento de Engenharia QuímicaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em BioenergiaUEMMaringá, PRCentro de TecnologiaPedro Augusto ArroyoCamila da Silva - UEMClaudiney Soares Cordeiro - UFPRSalviato, Aroldo2018-04-18T19:57:33Z2018-04-18T19:57:33Z2012info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttp://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/4343ark:/35916/00130000060rvporinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)instname:Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)instacron:UEM2018-10-15T17:32:12Zoai:localhost:1/4343Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.uem.br:8080/oai/requestopendoar:2024-04-23T14:57:30.190543Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneas |
title |
Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneas |
spellingShingle |
Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneas Salviato, Aroldo Biodiesel Óleos vegetais Transesterificação e esterificação Reações simultâneas Óleo de pinhão manso Ésteres etílicos Brasil. Transesterification Esterification Jatrofha curcas L oil Ethyl esters Brazil. Engenharias Engenharia Biomédica |
title_short |
Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneas |
title_full |
Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneas |
title_fullStr |
Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneas |
title_sort |
Obtenção de monoésteres graxos a partir do óleo de pinhão manso (Jatrofa curcas L.) por transesterificação e esterificação simultâneas |
author |
Salviato, Aroldo |
author_facet |
Salviato, Aroldo |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Pedro Augusto Arroyo Camila da Silva - UEM Claudiney Soares Cordeiro - UFPR |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Salviato, Aroldo |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Biodiesel Óleos vegetais Transesterificação e esterificação Reações simultâneas Óleo de pinhão manso Ésteres etílicos Brasil. Transesterification Esterification Jatrofha curcas L oil Ethyl esters Brazil. Engenharias Engenharia Biomédica |
topic |
Biodiesel Óleos vegetais Transesterificação e esterificação Reações simultâneas Óleo de pinhão manso Ésteres etílicos Brasil. Transesterification Esterification Jatrofha curcas L oil Ethyl esters Brazil. Engenharias Engenharia Biomédica |
description |
Over the last few years the preoccupation with the environment where we live, in the light of the scientific community, has raised a debate on global warming, climate changes, shortage of fuel and even discussions about the competition between the crops which are aimed at human food and their utilization as a source of energy. Taking into account all these factors, this work aimed at working with a plant which fits positively in all above aspects: Jatrofha curcas L., commonly known in Brazil as Physic nut, whose oil features in its composition in fatty acid the predominance of oleic and linoleic acid. As acid catalyst esterification can be a process to obtain esters from raw materials with acidity above the levels indicated to transesterification, such process was used in this present work. Therefore, this is a relatively new method and reports on its utilization for the production of biodiesel are still scarce in the published literature. Thus, the physic nut oil was extracted by mechanical press; it presented acidity 12.58% (mg KOH/g). It was used ethanol due to its utilization in Brazil, its renewable and environmentally beneficial nature besides its low toxicity. Sulfuric and hydrochloric acid were used as catalyst. It was found that the great concentration of the oil acidity of the jatrofha curcas is in its peel. The solvent extraction provided yield of 65% in oil against 26% obtained by mechanical extraction of the grains in pre-heated press. The acid esterification, in single step, occurred in closed reactor in batch system. The temperature of 100 °C has shown to be the most suitable and it presented the double of the esters yields if compared to the hydrochloric acid. The amount of 1% of sulfuric acid has provided the highest yields in ethyl esters. Furthermore, ethanol utilization as an esterification agent led to superior yields than methanol utilization. The molar ratio of alcohol: oil (20:1) was considered the most appropriate to the esterification reaction. It was found that to molar ratios superior to that, the yield in ester presented a significant drop. It was also found that water is a decisive parameter to the esterification since it influences negatively the yields. This was stressed by using ethanol 95% m/m. The transfer is minimal above 400 rpm. The results also showed that pressure hasA significant role the simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions. With pressures higher tham 300 psi, no significant variation in the yield of ester was observed when compared to the 85% value obtained with the use of only 40 psi pressure in the reactor (autogenous pressure). |
publishDate |
2012 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2012 2018-04-18T19:57:33Z 2018-04-18T19:57:33Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/4343 |
dc.identifier.dark.fl_str_mv |
ark:/35916/00130000060rv |
url |
http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/4343 |
identifier_str_mv |
ark:/35916/00130000060rv |
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por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brasil Departamento de Engenharia Química Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioenergia UEM Maringá, PR Centro de Tecnologia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brasil Departamento de Engenharia Química Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioenergia UEM Maringá, PR Centro de Tecnologia |
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reponame:Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM) instname:Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) instacron:UEM |
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Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) |
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UEM |
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UEM |
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Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM) |
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Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM) |
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Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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