Evolução do uso da terra na bacia do Rio Claro, Paraná : 1985-2015

• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Anderson Wesley de Lima
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/4733
• topic: Feições erosivas - Bacia do Rio Claro (PR); Atividades agrícolas - Rio Claro (PR); Assoreamento - Rio Claro (PR); Fragilidade ambiental - Bacia do Rio Claro (PR); Ciências Humanas; Geografia

The present paper was developed in hydrographic basin that is located in Mesoregion Occidental Center Paranaense PR, that covers five municipalities, Campo Mourão, Araruna, Peabiru, Terra Boa and EngenheiroBeltrão. It?s located Between the coordinates 23º38?35?S and 24º03?56?S of latitude and 52º38?35?W and 52º30?57?W of longitude. The main objective of the research was to evaluate the evolution of the land use in hydrographic basin of Rio Claro ? PR, in the years of 1985 and 2015 and also identify the processes of the superficial dynamics. For the realization of this study it was adopted the methodological procedures: for the bibliographic and cartographic survey, in which was made a base chart and from this one, it was made the next cartographic products being them: localization map, colonization map, sectors map, geological chart, soil chart, hypsometric chart, declivity chart, use chart and land occupation to the basin in the years of 1985-2015 and localization map of erosive features and charts of potential and emerging fragilities. In relation to the use and land occupation in basin of Rio Claro, the analysis were made by sectors. When compared the evolution of the use and land occupation in past 30 years, it was identified that the pasture was the activity that lost more terrain in the basin. Passing from 37,37% in 1985 to 11,24% in 2015, while the temporary crops (soybeans, corn, wheat and sugar cane) won space, cause in 1985 corresponded to 57,28% in 2015, occupied 76,52%, the forest cover represented in 1985 to 4,71%, passing to 9,35% in 2015 and the urban areas occupied 0,64% in the year of 1985. In 2015 it represented 1,28% and forestry passed to occupy 1,61% in 2015. After locating the erosive features through satellite images and fieldwork, it was applied the equation of concentration of erosive features (CFE). After the information lifting, it was found that the hydrographic basin suffers environmental degradation since the begining of its colonization. It was verified that the most degraded sector by the erosion was the sector A, in which was concentrated 0,277 focus of erosive features by km². Followed by sector C with 0,04 focus of erosive features by km² and sector B with 0,022 focus of erosive features by km². The fact of the sector A concentrates more erosive features (laminar erosion, in grooves and ravine) it?s related to the attributes of the physical environment such as the geological substrate, sand Stone of Caiua formation, sandy-medium texture soil, associated with the occupation of temporary crops of fast cycle (soybeans, corn and wheat) and sugar cane from 1990. This fact was possible by the technological innovation and the improvement in cultivation techniques, in which was possible to cultivate areas before considered inappropriate to the agricultural activity. Therefore the occurrence of erosive features in basin of Rio Claro is related to the attributes, however with the occupation of this more susceptible areas to the erosion, associated to the lack of use or the inappropriate use of the erosion control techniques that has been accelerating the formation process of erosive features and the occurrence of sanding. It wasn?t identified point of sanding in Rio Claro channel, however it was identified points of sanding, in first and second order confluent, this fact may interfere indirectly in the main bourn and also in the raising of the sediment load that this one will receive from its affluents and due to the loss of depth of the confluent occuredby the sanding, it will have as consequence the decreasing of the water flow.The main cause of the sanding of the water bodies is related to the lack of riparian vegetation and to the bad use of erosion control techniques in rural and urban areas caused in the filling of sediments direct to the water bodies and nascent. In relation to environmental fragility verified that in the potential fragility predominated the degree of moderate fragility. However emerging fragility occured an exacerbation of the degree of strong and very strong fragility and a drastic reduction in the degree of very weak and moderate fragility