Influência do cultivo experimental de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus - Pisces, Cichlidae) em tanques-rede na qualidade da água de dois braços do reservatório da UHE Rosana : ênfase na comunidade fitoplanctônica.

• Autor(a) principal: Borges, Paula Aparecida Federiche
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/5055
• topic: Fitoplâncton; Comunidades, Dinâmica de; Tanques-rede; Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces, Cichlidae); Tilápia do nilo; Aqüicultura; Eutrofização; Grupos funcionais; Capacidade de suporte; Zooplâncton; Paranapanema, Rio, Bacia; Brasil.; Phytoplankton; Aquaculture; Eutrofication; Functional groups; Carrying capacity; Zooplankton; Paranapanema River; Brazil.; Ciências Biológicas; Ecologia

The present study evaluated the influence of experimental cultivation of tilapia in net cages placed in two lateral arms from Rosana Reservoir (Corvo and Guiaracá streams) on the water quality, especially to attributes of phytoplankton community (species composition, richness, evenness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, beta diversity, density and biomass). During the study, Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) were cultivated at 15 net cages in each stream, transversally placed in three sets of five net cages, with different densities of fishes. Samplings were accomplished between April and August, 2006, before and after the beginning of cultivation; the sampling stations were located next to each set of net cages and at 100 and 400 m upstream and downstream from them, in each lateral arm. The concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were, in general higher after the beginning of fish farming in both streams and soluble reative phosphorus were lower. Nitrate increae in Corvo Stream and decrease in Guairaca Stream. One hundred and fiftynine taxa were identified, and the main groups were Chlorophyceae and Cyanobacteria. The values of species richness, evenness and Shannon-Wiener diversity were, in general, low for both streams, especially the Corvo Stream. An increase in the density and biomass of phytoplankton were also verified over time, which can be ascribed, possibly, to the absorption of nutrients arisen from tilapia cultivation. The results evidenced changes occurring over the experiment for abiotic variables, attributes from phytoplankton community and zooplankton abundance, however, these variations presented small magnitude, probably due to the small number of net cages and fishes utilized, the year seasons monitored (Autumn / Winter) and to streams hydrodynamics. Regarding the spatial scale, the observed similarity may be influenced by biotope hydrodynamic which presented extended mixture zone, strong action of winds, lotic influence from streams to the lateral arms, besides the higher influence of water from Rosana Reservoir, in case of Guairacá Stream. In relation to phytoplankton biovolume, the trophic state varied from oligotrophy to hypereutrophy states throughout the experiment. The high values of density and biovolume of Cyanobacteria, recorded after the net cages installation, exceeded the maximum value for these biological parameters set by CONAMA Resolution nº 357/2005 for Class 2 water that is used, among other purposes, for aquaculture and fisheries. We also detected microcystin in the water column. The phytoplankton functional groups were important tools for the environmental characterization. A decrease in the zooplankton abundance was observed after the increase of Cyanobacteria density, probably due to the We suggest that other experimental studies need to be performed with a umber of net cages higher than the adopted in this study, since the great and constant accumulation of waste, resulting from the large number of fishes used in commercial cultivations, may accelerate the eutrophication process. We also emphasize that the aquaculture should be developed in a sustainable way, respecting the support capacity of ecosystems.