Estudo de viabilidade econômica e projeto conceitual de planta industrial para produção de etanol de palha e bagaço de cana e comparação com a produção de energia elétrica

• Autor(a) principal: Cauneto, Heitor
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/3640
• topic: Cana-de-açúcar; Biomassa; Energia; Palha; Energia elétrica; Hidrólise enzimática; Etanol 2° geração; Viabilidade econômica; Brasil.; Engenharias; Engenharia Química

The economic development drives the use of sources of energy. A major portion of this energy has been sourced by using fossil fuel, such as petroleum. However, as the world looks for a low carbon economy, alternative sources of energy, less pollutant and more sustainable have become more important. Considering this scenario, the use of sugarcane biomass has great importance, because it is a renewable source of energy and largely available in Brazil. Actually, these residues (sugarcane bagasse and trash that consists of green and dry leaves and the plant tops) have been used to produce electric power and steam, but they can also be used to increase the production of ethanol. The main objectives of this thesis were to analyze technological alternatives to produce 2nd generation ethanol by using enzymatic hydrolysis, determine the best process conditions and, alternatively, produce electric power by burning the biomass residue, doing comparative financial-economic analyses of different project alternatives. On this thesis, it was considered a production process of 2nd generation ethanol integrated with the conventional process, in order to optimize the investments and operations. To do that, it was select the steam explosion pre-treatment process with the following conditions: 190 ºC, 2 % of SO2 impregnated in the biomass and time of 5 minutes; this process is followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. After the hydrolysis, the hydrolyzed material is added, as a diluent, to the juice of the conventional process, followed by the traditional steps of conventional ethanol production (fermentation, distillation and dehydration). The process to produce 2nd generation ethanol was simulated using Aspen/Hysys and electronic spreadsheets. Considering the results and all information surveyed during the bibliographic review, an economic analysis of project alternatives with different scenarios was conducted, aiming to identify the project's economic viability and which is the best investment option. Finally, a scenario analysis was also made considering the Brazilian actual macroeconomic status. The results can be considered satisfactory and they show that, although the project of using sugarcane biomass to produce 2nd generation ethanol shows an economic return higher than investors' cost of capital (IRR3: 10.7 % vs WACC4: 7.5 %), it still has a return on investments lower than the project of using sugar cane biomass to produce electric power (IRR: 16.9 %).The scenario analysis highlights the impact of ethanol and energy price on the economic viability of the project, it shows the importance of using sugarcane trash available in the field, as well as, the necessity of finding more efficient ways to collect and transport the trash to the sugarcane mill. In addition, it makes clear the importance of Brazil having a long term plan in relation to the strategy of its renewable energy matrix, aiming at raising the confidence of investors in the production of 2nd generation ethanol.