Expressão de isoenzimas e análise citoquímica em duas espécies de Tetragonisca após contaminação com herbicidas

• Autor(a) principal: Fermino, Fábio
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1392
• topic: Abelha Jataí (Tetragonisca); Abelhas sem ferrão; Isoenzimas; Avaliação; Bioindicadores; Toxicidade; Proteínas totais; Células nervosas; Herbicidas; Paraquat e Nicosulfuron; Brasil.; Bees Jataí (Tetragonisca); Stingless bees; Herbicides Nicosulfuron and paraquat; Bioindicators; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Agronomia

The stingless bees Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) and Tetragonisca fiebrigi (Schwarz, 1938) known as "jataí" bee are widely distributed throughout Brazil and recognized by important role pollinators to native vegetation and agricultural crops. The aim of this work was to evaluate the isoenzymes and peptides expression, and nuclear changes in nerve cells of the stingless bees Tetragonisca after in vitro contamination with herbicides Sanson 40 SC and Gramoxone 200, and to evaluate the use of these bees as bioindicators of the presence of these pesticides. The bees were exposed to different concentrations of the nicosulfuron (1%, 10%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and paraquat herbicides (0.1%, 1%, 10% and 100%) for 24 hours in petri dish. After this period bees were frozen and analyzed. The methods of isoenzyme were employed in starch gel, performed the analysis of relative expression of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the analysis of relative expression of esterase (EST) in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and analysis of peptides in SDS-PAGE. Analysis of nerve cells were performed using the CEC technique (critical electrolyte concentration) using the dye Toluidine Blue (TB) at pH 4.0 for evaluation of gene expression. It was found that nicosulfuron is an inhibitor of esterase of T. angustula and T. fiebrigi. The paraquat herbicide promotes the total inhibition of esterase activity in the concentrations of 1%, 10% and 100% in T. fiebrigi. Bees T. angustula after contamination with paraquat was detected partial inhibition of esterases after contamination of 1% and total inhibition these isoenzymes in the concentrations of 10% and 100%. The superoxide dismutase isoenzyme showed an increase in the relative activity after contamination with paraquat at 10% and 100% in both species Tetragonisca analyzed. The malate dehydrogenase was not inhibited by any of the concentrations of the herbicides analyzed. SDS-PAGE analysis showed no changes in the expression of peptides detected. Nerve cells were observed small changes in gene expression after contact with the herbicides. The enzymes esterase and superoxide dismutase presents in extracts of Tetragonisca are sensitive to the presence of nicosulfuron and paraquat, so these stingless bees have the potential to become bioindicators of the presence of these herbicides.