Solidificação/estabilização de lodo de lavanderias industriais para fabricação de blocos cerâmicos acústicos (Ressoadores de helmholtz)

• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Paulo Henrique Souza
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/3682
• topic: Lodo têxtil; Solidificação; Estabilização; Blocos cerâmicos acústicos; Absorção sonora; Isolamento sonoro; Materiais de construção; Brasil.; Textile sludge.Solidification; Stabilization; Ceramic blocks acoustic; Sound absorption; Sound insulation; Brazil.; Engenharias; Engenharia Química

The economic and social development of a country contributes significantly to two environmental issues that strongly affect the general population: the production of solid waste, both in manufacturing processes as in wastewater treatment systems and in this case the textile industrial laundries contribute greatly to the rise of this generation, and noise arising mainly from vehicular traffic in urban areas, which may cause harmful effects to public health. Concerning the appropriate final disposal of solid waste, studies have been conducted in order to recover. Some materials noise generated using sonic energy, absorbers materials have been widespread as an alternative to control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incorporation of textile industrial laundries sludge using the Solidification / Stabilization process in acoustic ceramic blocks (Helmholtz resonators), evaluating its performance in reverberant acoustic chamber. Samples of acoustic blocks were produced in full-scale and small-scale, with a fifth of the actual size, containing 80 % clay and 20 % silt industrial laundry. The first experimental phase of testing with acoustic blocks, in reduced scale, aimed to study the primary conduct with respect to chemical, structural, mechanical and physical parameters of acoustic blocks. The small-scale tests helped in validating the incorporation of 20% of textile sludge in the acoustic block. The second experimental phase consisted of trials with acoustic full-scale blocks, aiming to determine its characteristics, such as chemical, structural, mechanical, physical, acoustic and environmental parameters, so that the block can be manufactured industrially. The incorporation of 20% sludge mixed in the clay matrix for making acoustic ceramic blocks did not compromise the technical quality of the material, since, according to the physical and mechanical tests, the properties of the blocks obeyed the permitted limits, according to current standards. Chemical analysis by means of leaching and solubilization tests showed that the concentrations of metals were below the limits in ABNT NBR 10004:2004. The chemicals contained in the textile sludge were incorporated into the ceramic structure and remained immobilized on the block, with no damage or risk of future contamination of soil. The acoustic scale blocks were analyzed in a reverberation room, where sound absorption coefficients and noise reduction indexes were obtained when employed as vertical seal. It was found that the blocks are structures capable of absorbing sound at specific frequencies and can be used to reduce unpleasant sounds to reasonable levels. The environmental impacts caused by greenhouse gas emissions arising from the combustion of process blocks incorporating 20% of full-scale sludge were also evaluated, using Resolution No 054:2006 - SEMA / PR, Resolution No 436:2011 - CONAMA and the State Decree No 59113:2013 - CETESB. It was found that the values are in accordance to the standards set by Brazilian resolutions.