Estudo dos processos de coagulação e floculação seguidos de filtração com membranas para a obtenção de água potável

• Autor(a) principal: Konradt-Moraes, Leila Cristina
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/3645
• topic: Água potável; Coagulação; Floculação; Filtração com membranas; Composto orgânico; Brasil.; Engenharias; Engenharia Química

This work has as objective, the evaluation of the efficiency of the coagulation/flocculation process, followed with membranes filtration, for obtaining drinking water. The membrane process are technically interesting for the purpose of obtaining drinking water, especially considering the low quality raw water. The use of coagulants before the processes of micro or ultrafiltration can be used to aid the removal of specific materials, increasing the quality of treated water and, with the aim of reducing the "fouling" of the membrane. The use of natural coagulants, replacing the chemical, is being studied in order to produce a treated water of better quality, without the presence of metals, a sludge generated, biodegradable, and further aims, the reduction of the use of chemicals in process. Thus, tests with the coagulants aluminum sulfate, chitosan and Tanfloc were developed. The combination of aluminum sulfate and chitosan was also studied in order to optimize the stages of coagulation/flocculation, to obtain treated water of good quality. After this optimization, the conditions that showed the best results for coagulants aluminum sulfate, chitosan and their association, were combined with the ultra or microfiltration processes, of 0.1 or 0.2 μm, to the pressures of 1 and 2 bar. The efficiency of micro and ultra filtration, without the addition of coagulants was also evaluated. The results showed good efficiency of removal of the variables to the processes of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, with the coagulants evaluated. Being the best of these results, after the application of membranes process, resulting in obtaining good quality of treated water within the standards of potability. The process of membranes filtration also presented with results of the parameters within the patterns of drinking. However, the combination of the two processes seems to produce water of better quality, with less membrane fouling. Thus we can conclude that the association of cases appears to be an advantageous alternative, producing promising results.