O hospital psiquiátrico e o "voltar para casa" : interstícios deste caminho

• Autor(a) principal: Frazatto, Carina Furlaneto
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/3089
• topic: Saúde mental; "Morador" - Hospital psiquiátrico; Programa de Volta para Casa; Saúde pública; Reforma psiquiátrica; Política Nacional de Saúde Mental; Brasil.; Mental Health; Resident of psychiatric hospital; Coming Home Program; Public health; Psychiatric reform; Brazil.; Ciências Humanas; Psicologia

This study aims to understand the "coming home" of the "resident" of psychiatric hospitals, with reference to the Mental Health National Policy in Brazil. It consists of an exploratory investigation that takes into account that the legal system, which guarantees the right of persons with mental disorders, particularly the Law 10.216 and the performance of the Public Ministry with regard to mental health, has been recently constituted. It is worth reminding that the care of people with mental illnesses within the family environment was already advocated by some members of the Brazilian League for Mental Hygiene in the mid-1930s. Despite this ancient defense, as well as the relevance of the social movements of recent decades, which, among other factors, were able to transform mental health care in the community network into State policy, there are still over ten thousand people in the condition of "resident" of psychiatric hospitals in Brazil. In order to understand this process, a field research was conducted, employing the techniques of interview and oral history. The interviewees were four relatives of former "residents" of psychiatric hospital (who, at the time of the survey, were users of the mental health network of Maringá), the Psychologist of Sanatorium Maringá and the Social Worker of the Prosecutor's Office of Defense of Public Health and Workers' Health, since both accompanied the process of "coming home" of the "residents" of Maringá. Once collected and transcribed, data were analyzed and linked together so that oral history could be reconstructed. Such reconstruction underwent an extensive analysis, discussed with basis on common themes and interpreted in the light of history, which resulted in the current policy of mental health care. Results showed that, in general, the psychiatric hospital was the resource found when symptoms of mental disorder appeared. This situation repeated itself in long and successive hospital admissions, despite the fact that, at the time, the National Policy on Mental Health already provided the service outside the hospital. This factor, among others, suggests difficulties in deployment and implementation of the network of mental health care and, consequently, the imposition of the condition of "resident" for those suffering from a mental disorder. It is noteworthy that the "coming home" of the "residents" of psychiatric hospitals, focus of this study, has relied on the joint work of the Public Ministry and the Municipal Health Council of Maringá. If, on the one hand, this indicates that the return of "residents" is not occurring spontaneously, on the other hand, the performance of these agencies allows that directions are given to the status "residents" who may have remained there, was not such action. Results also indicated that the practice of "coming home", although it may be regarded as a breakthrough, it has not always assured autonomy from the manicomial logic. Similarly, the fact of having a State policy that prioritizes care outside hospitals does not guarantee its implementation. For this purpose, it is necessary society determination, intervening and giving life to what is provided by law, making steady assessment of proposed actions, even after they are deployed and implemented, otherwise, legislation becomes no more than dead words, or still the very actions become only bureaucratic .