Estudo fenotípico e molecular de resistência aos antimicrobianos em amostras clínicas e ambientais de enterobactérias

• Autor(a) principal: Gonçalves, Verônica Dias
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/14355
• topic: Multidrug-resistance; Enterobacteriaceae; Resistance genetic elements; Water quality; Environmental degradation; Fecal coliforms; Enterobactérias; Enzimas; Drogas; Resistência em microorganismos; Coliformes; Multirresistência; Enterobacteriaceae; Elementos genéticos de resistência; Qualidade da água; Degradação ambiental; Coliformes fecais; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA::MICROBIOLOGIA APLICADA::MICROBIOLOGIA MEDICA

We seek to detect evidence of the presence of genes involved in the production of Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes (AME), Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and Plasmid Mechanisms of Resistance to Quinolones (PMQRs) in strains of K. pneumoniae, K. ozaenae and E. coli isolated from water samples from rivers of Guanabara Bay and clinical samples of hospital origin, and to evaluate the "health status" of water bodies addressed in relation to recent fecal contamination and signs of hospital contamination and other environments with high selectivity. The strains from clinical materials were selected between May and July 2010, using culture media containing 8 μg/mL gentamicin. Water samples were collected in April and July 2009. Colimetric assays were performed, using the conventional methodology and other which we added 32 μg/mL cephalothin and 8 μg/mL of gentamicin at Lactose and Escherichia coli broth (EC broth), in order to detect and to count resistant coliforms. For isolation of the strains we employed culture media containing 32 μg/mL cephalothin and 8 μg/mL gentamicin. The strains were identified and submitted to tests for antimicrobial susceptibility (TSA), presumptive tests for the presence of ESBLs, plasmid DNA extraction and tests of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The use of antimicrobial agents in colimetric assays allowed us to detect and to count the resistant total and fecal coliforms in the water samples analyzed at different points. The TSA of the isolates recovered from water samples showed multidrug-resistance profiles, compatible with that of nosocomial bacteria, similar to that found in isolates recovered from clinical materials. All isolates from water samples and 90% of the isolates of clinical samples showed at least one plasmid band. PCR assays demonstrated the presence of amplification products to AME, ESBLs and PMQRs, and 7.4% of the isolates recovered of samples of water and 20% of the isolates of clinical materials showed amplification products for the three antimicrobial classes. The colimetric assays using antimicrobials as gentamicin and cephalotin, may be important additional tool to conventional colimetric test, when the interest is the monitoring and prevention of environmental contamination, especially associated with drug-resistant microorganisms, carrying resistance genes. We believe that besides the judicious use of antimicrobial in hospital and veterinary activities, measures to prevent discharge of sewage and / or sewage treatment, are essential to control the dissemination of transferable genetic elements of resistance among microorganisms. The detection and identification of microorganisms presenting genetic elements in environment, as water and soil, privately colimetric assays using antimicrobials, are necessary to prevent and to control of dissemination to these microorganisms with potential to infect humans and other animals in eventual contact with this environment.