Biossorção de tório com emprego de Sargassum filipendula

• Autor(a) principal: Picardo, Marta Cristina
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11947
• topic: Biosorption; Sargassum; thorium; continuous system; Biossorção; Sargassum; tório; sistema contínuo; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA

The increasing concern related to the discharge of industrial effluents with high content of heavy metals is stimulating research activities aiming at the development of removal methods that can combine a high efficiency and low cost. The use of conventional biomasses such as bacteria, fungal cells and seaweeds as adsorbing materials presents an alternative for the treatment of such types of wastewaters, specially those with a low content of heavy metals. In the present work the seaweed Sargassum fillipendula was investigated for its ability to remove radioactive thorium from synthetic solutions and from actual wastewaters produced in the laboratories of the Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry (IRD/CNEN). The kinetics of the process was studied, being observed that equilibrium was reached after 180 minutes of reaction. Two kinetic models were used for the evaluation of equilibrium data, a first order and a pseudo second-order model, the second one with a better fitting to the experimental data. In order to determine the maximum thorium uptake capacity of the seaweed, isotherms were plotted being observed a growing uptake with increasing thorium concentration, up to the maximum value of 2,59 µmol/g. The models of Langmuir and Freundlich were used to fit the experimental points of the isotherm. The Langmuir model best represented the experimental data, with a maximum theoretical uptake of 2,92 µmol/g. The ability of the biomass to remove thorium was also investigated under continuous regime. A previous study was performed to determine the critical bed depth, in different experiments containing distinct masses of seaweed corresponding to five different bed depths. The residual thorium concentration was quantified during the time-course of these experiments and it could be observed that the smaller concentration was reached at a 40,0 cm bed depth, corresponding to 96 g of biomass. After this step a continuous test was performed with an actual wastewater produced at IRD/CNEN, containing not only thorium but also uranium, calcium, chromium, iron and lead. 105 liters of wastewater were treated. Thorium concentration was reduced from 6,0 to 3,7 mg/L. The remaining metals were not recovered by the biomass, indicating a selective uptake. Metals such as calcium, iron and magnesium increased their concentration in solution, indicating an ion-exchange process during thorium biosorption