Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ |
Texto Completo: | http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/20807 |
Resumo: | In Brazil, around 65 million tons of solid urban waste (MSW) were generated in 2019, 24.3% of which (15.7 million tons) are made up of plastics. In 2020, the Senate approved the new legal framework for Basic Sanitation (PL4.152/2019), which advocates the extinction of dumps and controlled landfills by August 2024, giving way to sanitary landfills or other environmentally acceptable technology. In this context, a solution that the market has offered to municipalities is the processing of MSW through pyrolysis technology, whose suppliers point out the advantages of reducing the volume of waste with the generation of fuel energy, such as gasoline, in addition to the possibility to generate electricity. However, new technologies imply new risks. Thus, this work analyzed three aspects that may constitute technological risk factors provided by a polyolefin pyrolysis plant: the legal framework, the prevailing risk perception in licensing agencies and the risks involved in activities of this type of enterprise. The analysis of the legal framework revealed that it was actually designed to regulate the incineration technology that presents different risks from the pyrolysis technology, thus requiring the creation of specific norms. The evaluation of the perception of risks presents in the licensing bodies revealed that there is a tendency for their professionals to be less judicious with pyrolysis technology when compared to better known heat treatment technologies, such as incineration and gasification. Finally, the risk assessment of a pyrolysis plant was evaluated from a 3D model, and taking into account the current regulations, it revealed that this undertaking would entail intolerable risks |
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Calderari, Mônica Regina da Costa MarquesXavier, José Carlos de MouraCerveira, Graziela SalvanCarvalho, Marinilza Bruno deFernandez, Marcos Antonio dos Santoshttps://lattes.cnpq.br/5709919657198345Oliveira, Alex de Oliveira ealexwisk@gmail.com2023-12-13T16:18:46Z2023-06-07OLIVEIRA, Alex de Oliveira e. Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas. 2023. 180 f. Tese (Doutorado em Meio Ambiente) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2023.http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/20807In Brazil, around 65 million tons of solid urban waste (MSW) were generated in 2019, 24.3% of which (15.7 million tons) are made up of plastics. In 2020, the Senate approved the new legal framework for Basic Sanitation (PL4.152/2019), which advocates the extinction of dumps and controlled landfills by August 2024, giving way to sanitary landfills or other environmentally acceptable technology. In this context, a solution that the market has offered to municipalities is the processing of MSW through pyrolysis technology, whose suppliers point out the advantages of reducing the volume of waste with the generation of fuel energy, such as gasoline, in addition to the possibility to generate electricity. However, new technologies imply new risks. Thus, this work analyzed three aspects that may constitute technological risk factors provided by a polyolefin pyrolysis plant: the legal framework, the prevailing risk perception in licensing agencies and the risks involved in activities of this type of enterprise. The analysis of the legal framework revealed that it was actually designed to regulate the incineration technology that presents different risks from the pyrolysis technology, thus requiring the creation of specific norms. The evaluation of the perception of risks presents in the licensing bodies revealed that there is a tendency for their professionals to be less judicious with pyrolysis technology when compared to better known heat treatment technologies, such as incineration and gasification. Finally, the risk assessment of a pyrolysis plant was evaluated from a 3D model, and taking into account the current regulations, it revealed that this undertaking would entail intolerable risksNo Brasil gerou-se cerca de 65 milhões de toneladas de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) no ano de 2019, sendo 24,3% desse montante (15,7 milhões t) são compostas por plásticos. Em 2020 o Senado aprovou o novo marco legal do Saneamento Básico (PL4.152/2019) que preconiza a extinção de lixões e aterros controlados até agosto de 2024 dando lugar a aterros sanitários ou outra tecnologia ambientalmente aceitável. Nesse contexto, uma solução que o mercado tem oferecido aos municípios é o processamento de RSUs por meio da tecnologia de pirólise, cujos fornecedores apontam como vantagens a redução do volume de resíduos com a geração de energia combustíveis, como a gasolina, além da a possibilidade de gerar eletricidade. Contudo, novas tecnologias implicam em novos riscos. Assim, este trabalho analisou três aspectos que podem se constituir como fatores de riscos tecnológicos proporcionados por uma planta de pirólise de poliolefinas: o arcabouço legal, a percepção de risco predominante nos órgãos de licenciamento e os riscos envolvidos nas atividades de empreendimentos do tipo. A análise do arcabouço legal revelou que o mesmo foi pensado, na verdade, para regulamentar a tecnologia de incineração que apresenta riscos diferentes da tecnologia de pirólise, havendo, então a necessidade de criação de normas específicas. Já a avaliação da percepção de riscos presente nos órgãos licenciadores revelou que há uma tendência de seus profissionais serem menos criteriosos com a tecnologia de pirólise quando comparado com as tecnologias de tratamento térmico mais conhecidas, como a incineração e gaseificação. Por fim, a avaliação de risco de uma planta de pirólise foi avaliada a partir de um modelo em 3D, e levando-se em conta as normas vigentes revelou que esse empreendimento proporcionaria em riscos intoleráveisSubmitted by Bárbara CTC/A (babalusotnas@gmail.com) on 2023-12-13T16:18:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Alex de Oliveira e Oliveira - 2023 - Completa.pdf.pdf: 17715757 bytes, checksum: 58fd70cacc32ef17042fca0a151872fa (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2023-12-13T16:18:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Alex de Oliveira e Oliveira - 2023 - Completa.pdf.pdf: 17715757 bytes, checksum: 58fd70cacc32ef17042fca0a151872fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2023-06-07application/pdfporUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Meio AmbienteUERJBrasilMultidisciplinarPolyolefin PyrolysisLegislationRisk AnalysisRisk Perception.PirólisePoliolefinasQuímica ambientalLegislaçãoAnálise de RiscosPercepção de RiscosOUTROSAvaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de PoliolefinasEnvironmental evaluation of polyolefin pyrolysis plantsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJinstname:Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)instacron:UERJORIGINALTese - Alex de Oliveira e Oliveira - 2023 - Completa.pdf.pdfTese - Alex de Oliveira e Oliveira - 2023 - Completa.pdf.pdfapplication/pdf17715757http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/bitstream/1/20807/2/Tese+-+Alex+de+Oliveira+e+Oliveira+-+2023+-+Completa.pdf.pdf58fd70cacc32ef17042fca0a151872faMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82123http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/bitstream/1/20807/1/license.txte5502652da718045d7fcd832b79fca29MD511/208072024-02-26 19:38:55.49oai:www.bdtd.uerj.br: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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.bdtd.uerj.br/PUBhttps://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/oai/requestbdtd.suporte@uerj.bropendoar:29032024-02-26T22:38:55Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Environmental evaluation of polyolefin pyrolysis plants |
title |
Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas |
spellingShingle |
Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas Oliveira, Alex de Oliveira e Polyolefin Pyrolysis Legislation Risk Analysis Risk Perception. Pirólise Poliolefinas Química ambiental Legislação Análise de Riscos Percepção de Riscos OUTROS |
title_short |
Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas |
title_full |
Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas |
title_fullStr |
Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas |
title_sort |
Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas |
author |
Oliveira, Alex de Oliveira e |
author_facet |
Oliveira, Alex de Oliveira e alexwisk@gmail.com |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
alexwisk@gmail.com |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Calderari, Mônica Regina da Costa Marques |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Xavier, José Carlos de Moura |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Cerveira, Graziela Salvan |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Carvalho, Marinilza Bruno de |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Fernandez, Marcos Antonio dos Santos |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5709919657198345 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Oliveira, Alex de Oliveira e alexwisk@gmail.com |
contributor_str_mv |
Calderari, Mônica Regina da Costa Marques Xavier, José Carlos de Moura Cerveira, Graziela Salvan Carvalho, Marinilza Bruno de Fernandez, Marcos Antonio dos Santos |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Polyolefin Pyrolysis Legislation Risk Analysis Risk Perception. |
topic |
Polyolefin Pyrolysis Legislation Risk Analysis Risk Perception. Pirólise Poliolefinas Química ambiental Legislação Análise de Riscos Percepção de Riscos OUTROS |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Pirólise Poliolefinas Química ambiental Legislação Análise de Riscos Percepção de Riscos |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
OUTROS |
description |
In Brazil, around 65 million tons of solid urban waste (MSW) were generated in 2019, 24.3% of which (15.7 million tons) are made up of plastics. In 2020, the Senate approved the new legal framework for Basic Sanitation (PL4.152/2019), which advocates the extinction of dumps and controlled landfills by August 2024, giving way to sanitary landfills or other environmentally acceptable technology. In this context, a solution that the market has offered to municipalities is the processing of MSW through pyrolysis technology, whose suppliers point out the advantages of reducing the volume of waste with the generation of fuel energy, such as gasoline, in addition to the possibility to generate electricity. However, new technologies imply new risks. Thus, this work analyzed three aspects that may constitute technological risk factors provided by a polyolefin pyrolysis plant: the legal framework, the prevailing risk perception in licensing agencies and the risks involved in activities of this type of enterprise. The analysis of the legal framework revealed that it was actually designed to regulate the incineration technology that presents different risks from the pyrolysis technology, thus requiring the creation of specific norms. The evaluation of the perception of risks presents in the licensing bodies revealed that there is a tendency for their professionals to be less judicious with pyrolysis technology when compared to better known heat treatment technologies, such as incineration and gasification. Finally, the risk assessment of a pyrolysis plant was evaluated from a 3D model, and taking into account the current regulations, it revealed that this undertaking would entail intolerable risks |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-12-13T16:18:46Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-07 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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doctoralThesis |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
OLIVEIRA, Alex de Oliveira e. Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas. 2023. 180 f. Tese (Doutorado em Meio Ambiente) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2023. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/20807 |
identifier_str_mv |
OLIVEIRA, Alex de Oliveira e. Avaliação ambiental de Plantas de Pirólise de Poliolefinas. 2023. 180 f. Tese (Doutorado em Meio Ambiente) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2023. |
url |
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/20807 |
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente |
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UERJ |
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Multidisciplinar |
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro |
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