Produção de biodiesel a partir da transesterificação de óleo de soja ácido por via enzimática

• Autor(a) principal: Pedro, Kelly Cristina Nascimento Rodrigues
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11988
• topic: Biodiesel; lipases; acid oil; esterification; transesterification; Biodiesel; lipase; óleo ácido; esterificação; transesterificação; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA

In this work, the enzymatic transesterification of soybean oil with alcohol catalyzed by commercial immobilized lipase was studied. Initially the effects of temperature, type of enzyme (Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM-IM and Lipozyme TL-IM) and the type of alcohol (ethanol or butanol) in the synthesis of biodiesel using refined soybean oil were investigated. The best temperature observed for reactions employed Lipozyme TL-IM and Lipozyme RM-IM was 50°C, while that for Novozym 435, the optimal temperature was 70ºC. The major biodiesel content (~60%) was obtained in the ethanolysis of soybean oil at 70ºC using 5% (w/w) of Novozym 435. It was also evaluated the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel from the ethanolysis of acid oils with acidity index (AI) (8,5, 54,4 and 93,7). The conversion of free fatty acid was higher than 90% in reactions conducted with Novozym 435 in reactions with the three acid oils tested. The biodiesel content was close to 50% in ethanolysis of soybean oil with acidity index of 8,5 employing Lipozyme TL-IM, however for higher acidity indexes this yield decreased. For the reactions conducted with Lipozyme RM-IM, the biodiesel content remained around 30% for all acid oils investigated. The ethanolysis of refined soybean oil employing fixed bed reactor in continuous mode at 50ºC was investigated by varying the space velocity of reagents (0,255 and 0,508 h-1), the type of lipase (Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM-IM and Lipozyme TL-IM) and the possibility of reuse of the biocatalyst after washing with butanol. In the reaction with Novozym 435, the biodiesel content was approximately 50% and remained stable during 4,5 h for the two space velocity tested. The lipase Lipozyme TL-IM presented biodiesel content higher than that obtained in reactions with other biocatalysts (~80 %), but did not show the same stability. It was observed a significant decrease in the biodiesel production in the reactions employing reuse of the biocatalyst