Avaliação do potencial leishmanicida e antibacteriano de Annona mucosa (Jacq.) - Annonaceae cultivada in vitro e in vivo

• Autor(a) principal: Barboza, Thiago José de Souza
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/7944
• topic: Annona mucosa; Leishmaniasis; Antibacterial; Medicinal plant; Plant tissue culture; Secondary metabolism; Annona mucosa; Leishmaniose; Antimicrobiano; Planta medicinal; Cultura de tecidos vegetais; Metabolismo secundário; Plantas medicinais - Brasil; Biotecnologia vegetal - Brasil; Tecidos vegetais - Cultura e meios de cultura; Saúde Pública - Brasil; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA::BOTANICA APLICADA

The Brazilian flora encompasses medicinal importance species that can be used to develop new drugs. However, plants have been reduced in alarming rate, due to various human activities. Plant tissue culture promotes the conservation and use of species allowing for the production of bioactive substances for medicinal products. Leishmaniasis is considered a worldwide health problem, where Leishmania braziliensis is the most epidemiological importance specie in Brazil. Recently it has been registered increased resistance to treatment line. Similarly, the widespread use of antibiotics has led to an increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria, which represent a serious risk of infection. Annona mucosa have substances, such as acetogenins and alkaloids that exhibit antiparasitic and antimicrobial activities. In view of the problem, the aim of this work was to evaluate the leishmanicidal and antibacterial potential of extracts of A. mucosa obtained in vitro and in vivo. We proposed a protocol of in vitro germination, not yet reported for the species, aiming to achieve axenic seedlings. Hypocotyls explants was cultivated in WPM and leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with PIC and different concentrations of KIN, BAP or TDZ. The formed callus was cultured in liquid medium of the same composition for the production of cell suspensions. The materials were subjected to methanolic extraction and subsequent fractionation in hexane and dichloromethane. The activity of extracts on L. braziliensis was evaluated in vitro in the form promastigote and in vivo in amastigote form, in infected mice macrophages. Both, were treated with the extract per 96h and 48h, respectively. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity was performed by macrodilution assay in Mueller-Hinton, analyzing the growth of the strains after 16h of incubation at 48°C. The in vitro germination of A. mucosa was achieved in sterile vermiculite as substrate and has a 85% germination rate. The higher callus formation and friability was obtained in media containing KIN, that may be cultured in suspension. The extracts of the material in situ and in vitro showed leishmanicidal activity, despite the toxicity in macrophages. Cell suspension cultures showed antileishmanial potential in vitro and reduction of infection in macrophages. The evaluated extracts showed selective antimicrobial activity, with growth inhibition of Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus thuringiensis in different tested concentrations. It was concluded that the biotechnological techniques allowed to use plant materials regarding pharmacological properties for antileishmanial and antibacterial activities.