Tendo que se submeter ao exame Papanicolau regularmente: uma análise sob a ótica da desmedicalização

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Daniela Soares de
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11442
• topic: Pap smear; Women health; Nursing; Teste de Papanicolau; Saúde da mulher; Enfermagem; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

This study has as its object the meanings attributed to the Pap smear by women from the process of social interaction. Currently, the most effective strategy in the control of cervical cancer is screening by the Pap smear. However, it is believed that the perception that women have about this type of examination, as well as the meanings that are attributed to it, influences itsexecution. The objectives of this study are: to identify the meanings of the Pap smear for women and to analyze the social interaction process of these women with the examination, in the context of cervical cancer, based on the meanings they assign. It is a descriptive and explanatory research with a qualitative approach. The research was carried out in public places of great circulation of people, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, due to the great diversity of women around these places. It had the participation of 10 women who transited in these places, between 25 to 64 years and that had already begun their sexual life, separated in a 2 groups sample. Semi-structuredinterviews were conducted and the data were analyzed according to the assumptions of Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory. Project was approved by CEP/UERJ 1.660.721. The data wereorganized in two categories that explain the process of social interaction of women with the Paptest: Reproducing the discourse thatexamination is important for prevention" and "Despite the difficulties, having got to undergo the Pap smear regularly . In the first category, data showedthat women perceive the test as a way to prevent diseases in general with an idea of fear of any disorders. They consider the exam important for early diagnosis and prevention of diseases and they support the importance of prevention from the perspective of diagnosis for a treatment by professional convincing. In the second category, women reportedreasons that act as barriers to the examination, such as: embarrassment and discomfort, lack of access, lack of symptoms, and theirwork as a hampering; however, they report taking the exam regularly. A central category emerged at work: having to undergo Pap smear regularly , which showed that despite all the difficulties women perform the Pap smear for prevention. Thus, it is concluded that, even if it is not in a regular way as recommended by the protocols, women undergo Pap smear for disease prevention. Data show that it is necessary to promote activities that would go beyond guidance, giving information about cervical cancer and the importance of this examination. It is important to create health promotion strategies to stimulate women s autonomy and body empowerment, so as to provide greater coverage of the examination through the regular adherence of women.