Avaliação da microestrutura, microdureza e resistência à corrosão de juntas soldadas de uma liga de Ni-Cr obtidas através de diferentes processos de soldagem

• Autor(a) principal: Matos, Irma Cunha
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/14021
• topic: Nickel alloy; Dental alloy; Wlded joints; Corrosion; Artificial saliva; Electrochemical characterization; Ligas de Níquel; Ligas odontológicas; Juntas soldadas; Corrosão; Saliva artificial; Caracterização eletroquímica; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA

This study evaluated and compared the electrochemical behavior of the base metal (BM) of a nickel-chromium dental alloy with welded joints obtained by brazing processes (BRA) and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), when immersed in artificial saliva at pH 2.5 and 5.5. Microhardness, microstructural characterization by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and semi-quantitative chemical analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), were performed in the groups BM, TIG, BRA and in joints weld by laser (LAS). The BM showed a matrix rich in nickel and chromium, distributed in a typical dendritic arrangement, with inclusions of silicon and titanium, and porosities. LAS and TIG welds reveled a microstructure more refined than the BM, however, the same chemical composition and distribution of its elements. BRA showed marked differences in their microstructure, chemical composition and distribution of the elements in relation to BM. Vickers microhardness (HV), corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion current density (jcorr) were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test (p <0.05). In order to determine the influence of pH and corrosion resistance in groups BM, TIG and BRA, Student t test, with significance level of 95% was used. BM had the lowest average microhardness (HV 256.13 ± 9.39), followed by groups TIG (271.53 ± 8.07 HV), LAS (303.73 ± 13.93 HV) and BRA (551, HV 99 ± 37.73). At pH 2.5 the average Ecorr (mV) for the MB and TIG were respectively -67.9 ± 8.43 and -52.78 ± 16.74, and at pH 5.5, averaging -54, 03 ± 21.15 and -62.08 ± 20.16. LAS group showed averages of Ecorr (mV) at pH 2.5 and 5.5, respectively, -284.33 ± 19.04 and 28.96 ± -278.8. The average values of jcorr (μA.cm-2) to BM and TIG at pH 2.5 were respectively 2.49 ± 0.95 and 5.584 ± 1.64, and at pH 5.5, 1.929 ± 0.83 and 4.267 ± 1.51. Average jcorr for LAS group (μA.cm-2) at pH 2.5 and 5.5 were respectively 27.45 ± 4.9 and 11.96 ± 54.2. BM and TIG groups showed a good corrosion resistance, with a higher impedance modulus compared to LAS group. Differences in pH of artificial saliva did not affect the corrosion behavior of BM and TIG groups. However, there was a marked reduction in jcorr and modulus of impedance obtained by soldering brazing process. BRA group presented galvanic corrosion when it was analyzed forming pair with BM group, showing a jcorr of 5.3 μA.cm-2. However, this was not observed when the BM was associated with TIG welding, where jcorr was about 150 times lower. BRA group, besides presenting a very different electrochemical behavior of MB revealed marked differences in chemical composition, microstructure and microhardness aspect. TIG and LAS joints showed chemical and microstructural similarities compared to BM, and this similarity was even more evident in the TIG welding. In addition, TIG showed an electrochemical behavior very similar to BM, and therefore seems to be more advisable to solder nickel-chrome based alloys for use in dentistry compared to other welding processes evaluated here.