Desenvolvimento de metodologia para detecção de ftalatos e alquilfenóis em águas superficiais utilizando cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas e avaliação de seus potenciais estrogênicos

• Autor(a) principal: Licurgo, Flavia Maria da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15815
• topic: Endocrine Disruptors; Phthalates; Alkylphenols; Yeast Estrogen Screen; Gas Chromatography; Interferentes endócrinos; Ftalatos; Alquilfenóis; Yeast Estrogen Sscreen; Cromatografia gasosa; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA::QUIMICA ORGANICA

Phthalates and alkylphenols are group of substances classified as endocrine disruptors (ED) by international organizations, so their presence in the various environmental matrices is worrying since even at very low concentrations they are are able to alter the normal function of an organism and may cause anomalies in animal reproductive system, cancer, obesity, infertility, and others. In Brazil, there are few studies on the occurrence and behavior of phthalates and alkylphenols in the environment. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), 4-octylphenol (4-OP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in raw and drinking water from Guandu river, located in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and evaluate their estrogenic potential. For this, between March and December 2015, it was carried out six collections: raw water, from Guandu river, in Nova Iguaçu and Japeri, and drinking water, in Nova Iguaçu, next to the water treatment plant in the region. An analytical methodology was developed using solid phase extraction combined with high resolution gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in selective ion mode (SPE-HRGC-MS-SIM) for the separation and simultaneous determination of the ED studied. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 3.6 μg.L-1 for DMP and the higher LOD was 51.7 μg.L-1 for DnOP. The curves of synthetic standards met the criteria of INMETRO, showing good linearity with r > 0.90. DEHP showed the highest concentration in all samples. In 50% of the raw water samples and 40% of drinking water samples, this substance was found at levels of concentrations higher than 1000 ng.L-1. 4-t-OP ranged from 0.05 to 0.97 μg.L-1 and 0.13 to 0.27 μg.L-1 in raw and drinking water samples, respectively. These concentrations exceed the value determined by the Final European Union 2455/2001/EC that established a limit of 0.01 μg.L-1 of the isomers of octylphenols in surface water. It was applied the in vitro Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay to determine the estrogenic activity of solutions of synthetic standards and samples where only the DMP and 4-t-OP showed estrogenicity and a sigmoidal curve similar to 17β-estradiol while BBP, 4-OP and 4-NP showed low estrogenic response in the analyzed concentration ranges. 75% of raw water samples from the Guandu river analised showed estrogenic activity and the value of the maximum EQ-E2 found was 31.9 ng.L-1, which is worrying, since concentrations higher than 1 ng.L-1 can cause health hazards to humans and animals. Based on the evaluated results, it can be concluded that the analytical method developed and its implementation was an important contribution to the ED study in the Guandu river