Produção de oscillons durante restaurações e quebras espontâneas de simetrias

• Autor(a) principal: Tavares, Romulo Ferreira
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12916
• topic: cosmology; phase transition; topological defects; oscillons; cosmologia; transições de fase; defeitos topológicos; oscillons; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::ASTRONOMIA::ASTROFISICA EXTRAGALACTICA::COSMOLOGIA

In nature there are several phenomena involving phase transitions with symmetries breaking or restoration. Typically,the phase state changes associated with a break or a restoration of the sistem's symmetry, that occur when a particular control parameter is varied, such as as temperature, density, external fields or dynamically. These systems undergo changes which can lead to formation of defects, such as domain walls, vortices or magnetic monopoles. In this work we study particularly phase changes, breaks or restorations, associated with dynamic symmetry that are associated with the formation or destruction of defects, as domain walls in models of scalar fields with discrete symmetry. In these dynamical processes with formation or destruction of domains we studied the possibility of forming oscilons type structures, which are not homogeneous and unstable field solutions, but can concentrate there in an appreciable amount of energy and have a lifetime (duration) large enough to have physical importance. We study the possibility of formation of oscillon kind solutions in models with scalar fields interacting in which the system is prepared for different situations, with the resulting dynamics of these systems studied in a discrete lattice.